Damaged Facilities in Public Schools Essay

IntroductionA. Background of the StudyStudents in creation give instructions acquire sickness from he change environment. Frombroken chairs to unventilated rooms, this merchantman be to them uncomfortable and thus, each scholars mood and cin one casentration.see to a greater extentlack of check facilities affect scholars exertionThe no.1 facility that reachs problem for the students is the comfort room. The comfort room in public naturalise quantifys nowadays is an eyesore. The olfactory sensation that the comfort room releases causes illness in students and visual pollution each time the students visualizes the comfort room.The no.2 facility that has serious problem atomic number 18 the schoolrooms where the students frameer their classes at. You can see vandalized world in all(prenominal) angle of the classroom and Insufficient ventilation which made the atmosphere in the classroom very uncomfortable that the students cant focus on the class discussion any more than. The students deals with that mannequin of atmosphere instead of listening and focusing on the class discussions but the students focus on quetch how the classroom is so igneous , and the odor at bottom the classroom that are caused by unmaintained cleanliness inside the classroom.The hot aura from insufficient ventilation in the classroom is an early(a) reason for a bad odor that are spreading inside the classroom and another reason that theres a heightser(prenominal) possibility that the students may acquire illness from the unbalanced environment. The common students that suffers from this phase of environment are the students have colds, asthma and students that have a kind of ill that are not meant to adapt in this kind of environment. The decorations in the classroom to a fault affects each students moods, if the classroom is maintained appropriately it lightens the moods of the students in the classroom and if the classroom is not maintained properly, youll noti ce how each students in the classroom if they would behave properly or not. The students are commonly irritated and annoyed from what they are seeing and from what they are feeling inside the classroom because of the unwanted view.For this reason, the inquiryers decided to conduct a memorise about the alter facilities in public school because they want to help the students to focus in their employment, have much time to listen in their lesson and to avoid much(prenominal)(prenominal) that illness and even destruction to their surroundings. To make each students tidy once once more and for the next generation that get out use the facilities and to keep it in a better way.B. Statement of the troubleIn this study damage facilities of Cayetano Arellano High give lessons was conducted. It is for the purpose of getting information about the personal personal effects of damaged facilities.Specific altogethery, the study testament seek answers to following questions 1. Do the da maged facilities affect the whole nearlyness of students?2. What is the cause of the damaged facilities?3. Are the students aware of the damaged facilities?4. How do students survive the rooms with damaged facilities?5. What are the reactions of alone instructors that have lots of damaged facilities?C. Significance of the StudyThe researchers conducted this problem because the school has so many damaged facilities like the comfort room of the boys and girls. there are no doors, not enough water, lots of folderal and sometimes there are wastes in the toilet bowls. Students are irritated of the unpleasant smell and vandalized walls causing the students not to use the comfort rooms.Decaying environmental causations such as peeling paint, crumbling plaster, non functioning toilets, poor lighting. short-staffed ventilation, and inoperative heating and cooling systems can affect the breeding as well as the health and the morally of staff and students.Also, there are damaged rooms , lack of chairs, damaged blackboards, no electric fans, and vandalized walls. Thats why some students are not comfortable to listen in class discussions and study their lessons.D.Hypothesis* There are many damaged facilities in Cayetano Arellano High School * There are no damaged facilities in Cayetano Arellano High SchoolA. Scope and LimitationsThis research will cover chosen 4th family students from section 1 to 6 only. The guards, teachers, guidance councilors and the principal are not involved in the research.Chapter IIA. Review of Related LiteratureThe No Child Left Behind Act defines a healthy , high performance school manufactureing as one in which the physical body, construction, operation and upkeep is efficacy efficient, cost effective, provides goodly air quality and protects and conserves water(Healthy Schools Network, Inc., 2003). School facilities include the physical surroundings of the school ,construction of materials, technology available, enumerate of spac e available for students, teachers and staff, size of classrooms, and a clean and healthy environment that fosters safety(Lemasters, 1997). School principals have the responsibility of ensuring that the above infrastructure factors are emphasized and met as it relates to the quality and standards of educational facilities(Agron, 2000). A survey of a large sample of teachers in Washington, D.C. and Chicago put together that school facilities conditions were shown to have conduce effect on teaching and skill(Buckeley,Schneider and Shang, 2003). The watchings of another study also concluded that when teachers are allowed to teach and alleviate learning in environments that are well maintained and healthy , they are able to be more effective, which inevitably affects the academician achievement of students being taught at that neighborhoodicular school(ONeill and Oates,2000).Deficiencies in school facilities negatively lure the student achievement for minority and poverty strick en students(Earthman,2002). A study of the District of Columbia school system found, after controlling for other variables such as as a students socioeconomic status, that students standardized achievement scores were glower in schools with poor build conditions. Students in school buildings in poor condition had achievement that was 6% below schools in fair condition and 11% below schools in excellent condition(Edwards, 1991). The kindred between building condition and student achievement in small, rural Virginia high schools. Student scores on achievement tests, adjusted for socioeconomic status, was found to be up to 5 percentile points lower in buildings with lower quality ratings. Achievement also appeared to be more occupyly relate to cosmetic factors than to structural ones. Poorer achievement was associated with specific building condition factors such as substandard science facilities, air conditioning, locker conditions, classroom furniture, more graffiti, and noisy e xternal environments(Cash, 1993).Similarly, study of large, urban high schools in Virginia also found a relationship between building condition and student achievement. Indeed, Hines found that the student achievement was as much as 11 percentile points lower in substandard buildings as compared to above standard buildings (Hines, 1996). A study of North Dakota High Schools, a state selected in part because of its relatively homogenous, rural population, also found a positive relationship between school condition (as measured by principals survey responses) and both student achievement and student behaviour(Earthman, 1995). Heating and air conditioning systems appeared to be very important, along with special instructional facilities (i.e., science laboratories or equipment) and color and interior painting, in contributing to student achievement. Proper building maintenance was also found to be related to better attitudes and fewer disciplinary problems in one cited study (McGuffey, 1982).Research indicates that the quality of air inside public school facilities may significantly affect students ability to concentrate. The establish suggests thst youth, especially those under ten years of age, age more open than adults to the types of contaminants (as take upos, radon, and formaldehyde) found in some school facilities (Andrews and Neuroth, 1988). A study of overcrowded schools in New York City found that students such schools scores significantly lower on both mathematics and reading exams than did similar students in underutilized schools. In addition, when asked, students and teachers in overcrowding negatively affected both classroom activities and instructional techniques (Rivera-Batiz and Marti, 1995).As for scientific evidence for ventilations effect on performance, two percent papers examining talk times for designate nurses in call centers found that ventilation levels had only a small negative effect on productivity(federspiel et al. 2002, Fisk et al. 2002). The physical characteristics of the school have a variety of effects on teachers, students and the learning process. Poor lighting, noise, high levels of carbon dioxide in classrooms, and inconsistent temperatures make teaching and learning difficult. Poor maintenance and ineffective ventilation systems lead to poor health among students as well as teachers, which leads to poor performance and higher absentee order (Andrews & Neuroth, 1988et al.),These factors can adversely affect student behavior and lead to higher levels of frustration among teachers, and lower task happiness. All these factors interact to hinder the learning process and perpetuate the shortage of teachers (Brouwers & Tomic, 1999 Borg & Riding, 1991 Byrne, 1991a Ingersoll, 2001). The problem stems in part from the trend toward more energy-efficient buildings. Since the energy crisis of the 1970s in the United States, school buildings have been built tighter, with more insulation, fewer windows, and r elaxed ventilation standards in order to conserve energy. This has getd a serious health hazard in some school systems where dust, mold spores, chemical fumes, and other allergens can be detected indoors at levels several times that of the outdoors (Sterling & Paquette, 1998).Impacts on health, well-being and performance may be hard to recognize. plainly indoor pollution levels may be 2-5 times, and occasionally 100 times, higher than outdoor levels, according to the U.S. environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Studies indicate most Americans spend about 90 percent of their time indoors. Children are especially vulnerable because of the amount of time they spend indoors during the school day. (Ostendorf , 2001) The physical characteristics of aging or poorly designed schools can also inhibit learning with poor lighting, plumbing, and temperature control systems. The decision to build educational facilities with fewer windows in favor of fluorescent lighting may have reduced the amo unt of heat loss, but may also have created a more serious risk to health and performance. Natural light and artificial full-spectrum lighting has been found to minimize mental fatigue as well as reduce hyperactivity in children, while students tend to react more positively to classrooms that have windows.Further, it has been found that fluorescent lighting may be related to greater amounts of hyperactivity in learners. Thermal comfort is also an important issue in relation to school facilities. Lackney (2000) states that classroom temperatures affect task performance and students charge spans (Lackney, 2000). Leaky plumbing systems in poorly ventilated schools contribute to the growth of mold on rump surfaces (Davis, 2001). The affects of mold in the environment can be as minor as open botheration of the sinuses or much more serious depending on the duration of the exposure and the susceptibility of those suffering from the effects. some(a) people experience temporary effects w hich disappear when they vacate the premises, while others may experience long-run effects (Davis, 2001).Certain health effects, such as those related to allergic reactions like irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, dermatitis, exasperation of asthma, and respiratory distress, have been proven to be associated with mold exposure. Other reported effects such as fever, flu-like symptoms, fatigue, respiratory dysfunction (including coughing up blood), excessive and regular nose bleeds, dizziness, headaches, diarrhea, vomiting, liver damage, and impaired or altered immune function have been determine in persons who have been exposed to mold via inspiration (Davis, 2001). These maintenance and design issues can have a serious negative effect on the learning environment for students and the working environment for teachers it is a health hazard for all who spend significant amounts of time in the building. These effects poor student behavior, lethargy, and apathy are some of the m ost consistently identified stressors for teachers (Abel & Sewell, 1999 Blas, 1986 Dewe, 1986 Stenlund, 1995).Beyond the direct effects that poor facilities have on students ability to learn, the combination of poor facilities, which create an uncomfortable and uninviting workplace for teachers, combined with frustrating behavior by students including poor concentration and hyperactivity, lethargy, or apathy, creates a stressful set of working conditions for teachers. Because stress and job dissatisfaction are common pre-cursors to lowered teacher enthusiasm and attrition (Friedman, 1995 Rosenholtz & Simpson, 1990 Shann,1998), it is possible that the aforementioned characteristics of school facilities have an effect upon the shortage of teachers. What is lacking in the body of research related to the effects of school facilities upon student achievement and the performance of teachers is analysis of aboriginal characteristics such as lighting, ventilation, acoustics and temperature control in relation to measures of both student performance and teacher satisfaction. consort to Schneider (2002), most studies have focused on single environmental media, neglecting the critical issue of interaction effects between day lighting, air quality, noise, thermal comfort, or other factors.It is possible that relationships exist between all three areas of the school environment the quality of the school facility, behavior of students, and teacher satisfaction. Certainly, more research is emergencyful in this area. In fact, the federal establishment may act as a catalyst for such research. Section 5414 of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 calls for more research into the health and learning impacts of environmentally unhealthy public school buildings on students and teachers (U.S. Congress 2002). Just as changes in the design of school buildings constructed during the energy crisis were driven by budget concerns created from rising energy costs, any future changes i n school design trends are likely to be affected by the cost to taxpayers. Logic suggests the need for research into the specific effects of certain characteristics of school design for which tax monies will be spent before these changes will be realized.There is considerable debate as to the relationship of funding to academic achievement. According to Schneider (2002), and Hanushek (1989), there is little correlational statistics between capital expenditures and academic achievement. Conversely, Hedges, Laine, and Greenwald (1994), and Lockwood and McLean (1993), state that a correlation between spending and academic achievement does exist. An analysis by Hanushek (1989) of 37 research articles on the direct effects of spending on achievement stated that detailed research spanning two decades and observing performance in many educational settings provides strong and consistent evidence that expenditures are not systematically related to student achievement. However, Hedges, Lain e, and Greenwald (1994) re-analyzed data from the same 37 articles and found that there was strong evidence to live on a systematic positive relationship between resource input and school output. Lockwood and McLean (1993) proposed that when the basic requirements of the educational process have been adequately funded, additional monies do improve the educational process.Their study concluded that once a base level of funding has been provided, the result of judicious spending on the instructional curriculum should be evidenced in improved achievement (Lockwood & McLean, 1997). However, a study in Great Britain by Pricewaterhouse-Coopers (as cited in Schneider, 2002) analyzed the effects of capital investment on academic achievement, teacher motivation, school leadership, and other issues and found that relationships were weak. Stricherz (2000) noted that student achievement suffers in inadequate school buildings, but there is no hard evidence to prove that achievement rises when facilities improve beyond the norm.Schneider (2002) summarized the debate, stating that existing studies on school building quality generally point to improved student behavior and better teaching in higher-quality facilities however, what is postulate is more firm policy advice about the types of capital investments that would be most conducive to learning and to good teaching. The lack of consensus is evidence of a need for further research of the specific effects of school building maintenance and design issues, not only on the student, but also the teacher and his or her job satisfaction, enthusiasm, and commitment to the profession. Should the study of these factors yield significant correlations to student achievement and overall levels of job satisfaction among teachers, it would provide justification to the allotment of monies for the renovation of existing facilities and the design of new facilities to include natural lighting, optimum acoustic and air quality in the class room, and better temperature control, as well as proper maintenance.B. grooming of study MaterialsQuestionnaireSurveyIV 1studentsIV 6studentsIV 5studentsIV 4studentsIV 3studentsIV 2studentsStatistical AnalysisCollection of DataParadigmChapter deuce-aceMethodologyA. Description of the Study AreaThis Case Study is all about the damaged facilities in public schools. This research has been conducted for a certain purpose, to discuss in fixing the damaged facilities in every public schools. The common problems that the facilities in public schools that are facing are lack of materials and a simple cleaning materials couldnt be provided well, students couldnt provide those things because they dont have enough money. close students in the public schools are poor which is another reason that led for this kind of problem. This problem can be treated if the students would cooperate and so as the principal and the teachers.The principal can ask for government support for renovating so me facilities in the school, this can gain improvements in the school easily if the government will give donations or by sending the materials directly in the school and to be used in some facilities. Students can help by simply following the rules in every classrooms and what their teachers told them to do. Cleaning is the best way to express their cooperation with this problem. Teachers can assign rules in every classroom that students has to follow to maintain the proper cleanliness and can make the classroom in right order. This research will help the problem that every public schools are facing. Solving this problem will make a big difference in every public schools.B. Preparation of QuestionnaireIn preparing the questionnaire for this research is difficult. Thinking how much will the questionnaire help this research and what would be the effect of the peoples answers in this problem. The researchers kept flooding their heads with questions that are important and will be a big help to their research. Answers from the surveys will be analyzed and be tallied by the researchers to find what other opinions that the people gave to them. Some of their answers will be used in the research to add some points for the topic.