Project Selection using an integrated AHP Essay

Project Selection using an integrated AHP - Essay Example The comparisons are to comprehend using pair wise matrix which suits the criterion of the study. This model is competent of implement ting the AHP values and the consistency in the study and the time taken. The boundary of the study deals with the AHP as the process itself with much preferences given to the hierarchy models and the sub hierarchy models associated and the criteria and the sub criteria related.The predetermined scale of the process are to be taken into consideration and the pairwise matrix of the study and the numerical preference value of the same are to be considered. The methodology of the study mainly deal with the strategic objective, they include the qualitative and the quantitative method in the selection of the process. The main methods incorporated are the cost of the money, cost benefit analysis, pay back period, rate of return etc. As per the conclusion assessment and collection of projects before venture resolution is normally done using, technological and monetary information. In this study a new methodology is proposed and the easy decision making is done by selecting the best one. The factors that are needed in project evaluation are numerous. There are both independent as well as inter dependent factors which needs to be employed in project selection. The AHP analysis of projects consists of the evaluation of only independent factors in multicriteria decision making. The AHP model is a very appropriate model for project selection but all the dependent as well as independent factors should be correctly evaluated and measured. Each of the other alternative should be properly measured especially the project’s cost. Each of the alternative decisions needed in the AHP analysis should be measured through the cost incurred in the criteria and also the value generated through the decisive factor

How the Organizing of Work Influences Experiences of Work

How the Organizing of Work Influences Experiences of Work Consider how the organizing of work  influences experiences of work. Introduction The question of how the organization of work influences the experiences of work can take on many differing connotations depending upon the viewpoint that is being utilized to address the foregoing. From a dictionary point of view, work is defined as follows (American Heritage Dictionary, 2005): â€Å"1. Physical or mental activity that is directed toward the accomplishment or production of something.† As well as the activity of â€Å"†¦ looking for work†¦Ã¢â‚¬  one’s occupation, the production of some measured unit of accomplishment, as well as one’s occupation (American Heritage Dictionary, 2005). Watson (2003) indicates that work is an activity â€Å"†¦ in which everyone in the world is involved†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and utilizes the examples of those who are employed as well as one tending to their garden, the owner of a building as the landlord, investors and even those who have servants. Given the broad based meaning that can be and is associated with this word, as a concept in this connotation work shall be thought of as those activities one performs for compensation. Polanyi (1944) saw work as a creative activity whose goal is human development. And while in our modern society this view might tend to be slightly utopian its undertones nevertheless have merit. The very question of how the organizing of work influences the experience of work makes reference to, although indirectly, work as something that can be thought of as enjoyable, or to the contrary depending upon not only what is being done but how one views said activity. The experiences one has at work can run the gamut from inferior to exceptional, for want of more descriptive terminology. As such, we shall examine this question from the standpoint of the work experience as the feeling and or satisfaction one derives and thus how that work when organized either contributes to or diminishes from the foregoing. For those of us for whom work is a means to either earn a living, practice a profession or support oneself and their family, it plays an extremely important part of our lives in terms of time spend at said activity, as well as in terms of how the experience of this activity impacts upon, influences one and acts upon us outside of it. Maslow ´s (1954) hierarchy of needs provides us with a guide to exploring the realm of work and its influences on the individual as it contains compelling insights into the psychology of who we are and how we function internally. His theory of personality states that are contained in Maslow ´s (1954) hierarchy of needs is as follows: Physiological Needs This is the basic biological need for food, air water and warmth and represents those which come first in our search for satisfaction. Safety Needs After the satisfaction of safety needs, the needs for security take precedence. And after this need is met, we move onto the third need. Needs of Love, Affection and Belongingness Maslow (1954) indicates that we seek to overcome our feelings of loneliness along with alienation, and this entails the giving as well as receiving of love, belonging and affection. Needs for Esteem This need addresses the subject of work organization as it entails the need for esteem. This aspect was also referred to by Polanyi (1944) in terms of work being an aspect of human development. Maslow (1954) refers to this need as self esteem emanating from within an individual as well as that which one receives from others, along with the need for a stabile relationship environment in which to thrive. This aspect is extremely important as to how one’s work organization is, and interacts with this key human personality quotient. Needs for Self Actualization When all of the preceding needs have been satisfied, then Maslow (1954) indicates that the self-actualization need becomes active. Simply put, this means that a person will gravitate towards doing what they were born to do. The short, yet important examination of Maslow ´s (1954) hierarchy of needs aids in the understanding of the deeper seated aspects of how the organization of work influences the experiences of work. From the preceding it should be evident that if one’s work is organized logically and contains a level of diversity and creativity as evidenced by changes of pace, then it will fit within Maslow ´s hierarchy and thus be more satisfying. Watson (2003) refers to the sociology aspects of work in that it aids in the employer, manager as well as employee to make â€Å"†¦better informed judgments†¦Ã¢â‚¬  concerning the work at hand and how to go about performing it. The foregoing is highly important in equating the question as one’s experiences at work might be deemed as satisfying if they can see it progressing towards a more fulfilling method or way of getting said work accomplished. This ongoing organizing and re-organizing, if conducted in an intelligent and pr ogressive manner, might be as rewarding as one who’s work experience is at a firm where the work flow organization is scientifically as close to perfect as can be humanly ordained. Varied levels of frustration are inhibiting factors which can and do affect our thinking as well as levels of performance. The elimination of such frustrations through insightful work organization represents a positive contribution to increasing one’s satisfaction experience in this regard. Techniques such as Just-In-Time, Total Quality as well as Lean Production techniques as referred to by Fiona Wilson (2004) in and of themselves do not produce or create job satisfaction as they are constructs from which to organize and customize work to fit the organization, management, the corporate culture and the individual. Lest we forget, all business enterprises are composed of flesh and blood individuals who all fall under Maslow ´s (1954) humanistic guidelines. As such, in constructing or organizing the work process we need to be mindful that repetition breeds boredom and boredom breeds discontentment (Noon et al, 2002). Within the context of work organization are all manner of su b routines and associated aspects that impact upon it. Ergonomics, aesthetics, colors, materials, light, sound, work space, distance between other workers, the amount of space one has to function in, the static or non static nature of the work all are factors in its organization. Thus, to think of the subject as one confined to office personnel belies its meaning and intent as it has applicability for factory, farm, forestry, management, field personnel and back office employees or executives. It entails how interesting, challenging, creative and diverse it is or can be made to be as a function of how it is organized or structured (Watson, 2003). Management in equating the production variables needed to be met in the attainment of work output must be mindful of exactly how said work is performed in order to create techniques that seek out and enlist the input of those actually doing said functions to aid them in structuring, modifying and upgrading work procedures and how it is organized. Those who perform the function on a daily basis can also be assisted by management taking part in said work functions to reach determinations on a first hand basis as to what potential modifications and or improvements can be made or added to make the work experience more pr oductive as well as satisfying. And work organization, as mentioned by Watson (2003), Wilson (2004), and Noon et al (2002) does not just consist of the work itself, it includes the social, contemporaries one works with, the working relationship manner in terms of contribution in a what is being done as well as job satisfaction. Understanding that work is something that is performed by human beings who all represent personalities under Maslow ´s (1954) hierarchy of needs is a foundational construct by which to accomplish making the experience one that translates into higher output and professionalism. Conclusion Hochschild (1997) helps to provide a level of understanding concerning the need to reduce work to human terms as he found that for most individuals their work takes precedence over their home life. While the foregoing is not universally true, as indicated by Jacobs et al (2001) the importance of providing within the organizational matrix a means to attain higher levels of job satisfaction is nevertheless a function that encompasses understanding that personal fulfillment along with our wants, needs, desires and individual goals are inner facets present in varying degrees in all of us. The corporate culture that understands the human equation in consort with the need of the company to generate profits and compete in an increasing globally influenced sphere is the organization that is well on its way to producing individuals whose contributions will exceed those of competitive companies who have not yet elevated their thinking to encompass the importance of their personnel as the key r esource driving the bottom line. Thus, the organization of work and its influence(s) with respect to the experiences of work is not solely about how many words per minute are being typed, or how many units being built, it is about the individuals performing those tasks and their personal levels of commitment to same. The higher their relative levels of contribution in the process from a work as well as suggestion point of view, the higher will be their commitment and contributions in terms of quality of work and performance. And this represents the experience that truly defines influencing the work experience through organizing it for the individual. Bibliography American Heritage Dictionary. 2005. Work. http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/work Hochschild, A.R. 1997. The emotional geography of work and family life. Pp. 13-32. Saint Martin’s Press, New York, New York Jacobs, J.A., Gerson, K. 2001). Overworked individuals or overworked families? Explaining trends in work, leisure, and family time. Pp 40-63. Work and Occupations, Issue 28 Maslow, Abraham. 1954. Motivational and Personality. Harper and Row, New Cork, N.Y. Noon, Mike, Blyton, Paul. 2002. The Realities of Work. Labour / Le Travail. ISBN: 0333984587 Polanyi, Kart. 1944. The Great Transformation. Beacon Press, Boston, MA. Watson, Tony. 2003. Sociology, Work and Industry. Routledge Publications. ISBN: 0415321662 Wilson, Fiona. 2004. Organizational Behaviour and Work: A Critical Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 0199261415

Apply Chain Management vs Traditional Mananagement Systens Essay

A. Approach The use of information technology by firms that want to gain competitive advantage has increased dramatically in the last twenty years. Large and small firms have been utilizing information systems to connect their internal business functions and the company’s activities to stakeholder such as suppliers and customers. (FORMAN WEB 13). Supply chain management and customer relationship management are some of the many systems used by firms to accomplish the aforementioned functions. Before comparing Supply Chain Management and customer relationship management systems to Tradition Systems, a brief description of Supply chain management and the activities it involves is fully warranted. This brief easy attempts to compare and contract SCM and CRM systems to traditional management systems in terms of approaches , efficiency, cost saving, and firm profitability. Jiambalvo (2010) describes supply chain management as,† the organization of activities between a company and its suppliers in an effort to provide for the profitable development, production, and delivery of goods to customers.† (P, 15). Sunil & Peter further describe ( ) supply chain as, â€Å"consisting of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a customer request. The supply chain includes not only the manufacturer and suppliers, but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and even customers themselves. Within each organization, such as a manufacturer, the supply chain includes all functions involved in receiving and filling a customer request. These functions include, but are not limited to new product development, marketing and operations, distribution and finance, and customer service.†(P... ...in saving costs for firms that effectively implement the systems. Alan and et al.(2009) state that, â€Å" full-scale implementations lead to system-wide inventory optimization, which in turn leads to cost improvement associated with inventory balances and turns.†(See Page 21 for note). Mikko & et al (2002) conducted a study of the cost reduction benefits of SCM and found that,† the sharing of demand information in supply chains typically increases the performance of the supply chain by increasing availability and reducing inventory related costs.† That other major distinctions between the two systems and traditional management systems is that the former need a small amount of date input and out put to perform sophisticated and complex functional, while the later takes and produces data in a large amount. A. profitability

Planning To Meet The Needs Of Learning

At my place of work – Include, we do not have ILP’s, this is because we run a twenty week, roll on roll off programme and we wouldn’t have the time. We do however set goals, at the start and during monthly reviews, using simplified paperwork.. Our sister company that teach pre- sixteen’s do, and I have looked at these documents to reflect on anything that would be transferable to my teaching and offer improvements.The role of initial and diagnostic assessments is key for producing individual learning goals. It is essential to find out exactly where the student wants to go, why they are wanting qualifications, eg for a particular course at college, and what is realistic bearing in mind their diagnostic assessments. Initially all students are tested using BKSB to find the level they are and what they might achieve with help and teaching from the Functional skills tutor. We carry out Initial Assessments, (A) and Foundation Learning agreements (B) which note c areer progression aims, some objectives, qualifications to be taken, while with us as well as other documentation gathering personal details, health, education and drug and alcohol misuse.Our Initial assessment covers previous learning experiences, learning styles, personal and social skills, health and personal circumstances as well as the support we can provide to help the student reach his goals. We also carry out a monthly review, one of the most important ways we can check how the student is performing, his progress, whether he is on track and more importantly whether he feels he’s learning, achieving his goals, and whether he feels supported in his learning. This review time, is also a time when the student can tell us what he wants and where we and he could improve outcomes.During the review we can find out how the last few weeks lessons have gone, and together we will set SMART targets, and any behavioural problems, late arrivals, not joining in class etc. are address ed and support that would be helpful, worked out together for the next month . We also discuss where he would like to go to work experience and try hard to find the correct match, as this is often a spur to his learning. After goals have been decided and any support worked out the student will sign the review sheet which is filed in their learner file, and a copy is given to the student to refer to each day, to remind them of goals and targets.After the Initial Assessment and reviews, our student profile (C) is updated (weekly) and this is used with our current session plan as a pointer as to how our students need supporting. I also carry out tutorials, usually towards the end of each unit when students discuss and work with me on any any unfinished or not understood criteria, before completing. The two sessions I have chosen, are on Independent Living (D & E). When planning sessions I must be sure that the work I set covers the criteria set by the exam board and balance this with t he needs and understanding of my students. I must also bear in mind my minimum core document.â€Å"The minimum core will support all teachers in developing inclusive approaches to learners with literacy, numeracy and IT needs and raise achievements of learners on their learning programme† LLuk (2007) Obviously I must embed English, numeracy and IT into session planning, bearing in mind that I may well have students as varied in abilities as E1 through to Level 1 or even Level 2. Most of the units I teach are available in E3 or L1, so I will differentiate between the students as to what level they work at As I frequently have a number of foreign students speaking very little English when they join, I must remember to include LA1.3, LA1. 6, LA2. 1 and LA2. 3 & . 4. At the reviews the Functional skills tutors will feed in literacy and numeracy problems and goals to be addressed during the month, these I need to include in my lesson planning eg L needs to develop spelling and pun ctuation skills, so when planning the next lesson, I look to see if I can incorporate something to build on these eg word searches, or reminding him to be careful with punctuation in his writing.The student in the Initial Assessment (A) needs help and support with reading and writing, so a support worker needs to be written into every session plan to help. In many of the units I teach, class participation in discussions are expected and I must express myself clearly LS1 , LS2, LS3, LL1. I must plan my lesson carrying out LR1 & LR2. Embedding numeracy in a non maths lesson can be tricky, but in session (D) researching a flat and tenancy (IT) students had to work out much they would pay out to rent a flat (rent plus deposit etc) and in (E) designed a bedsit, incorporating measurements.Above all when planning a session I must produce a lesson that considers the subject content and criteria, it must be relevant to the students, it must take into consideration, their learning needs and g oals and and help stretch their capabilities. In the new session plan forms we have a section where we can list each students individual needs, and the strategy for helping this. This section concentrates my mind during planning and actual delivery, to remember each students needs and goals. There is also a section for differentiation which again reminds me of each students goals.All the time I am teaching I must not be complacent , but continually improve my practice. This will be done by, talking with students during their review about the months learning, what they feel they have/have not learnt. By asking students to fill in anonymous evaluation forms. Discussions with the class about the units and what they learnt or would like to learn in the future. Listening to my IV’er and her feedback on the students work and on the unit levels, which have passed.Reflecting on my teaching is a very important stage in helping me move my lessons and teaching, forward, it is about bein g more self aware and analysing what happened in my lessons. Schon (1983) suggests â€Å"reflect while you’re doing it† and â€Å"reflect after doing it† I like this straight forward approach. Planning to meet the needs of my learners means I must be continually review my teaching practise, improving on lesson content and find new and different ways of meeting my students needs, raise their self esteem and self worth which in turn helps self regulation and encourages the student to learn in a classroom setting.

Fast Food Nation Essay

Whether we like it or not, fast food and its detrimental effects have become an epidemic. For many years, people have been oblivious to the growth of the fast food industry. However, over the past three decades, the fast food industry has nearly taken over our American society; almost anywhere, one can see its vast influence. As a result, in his book, Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser portrays the influence of the industry. By implementing pathetic appeals for injustice and disgust, statistics from reputable sources, and fear of the consequences of fast food, Schlosser shows the average adult how the fast food industry is ruining American culture as a way to reform its problems. Throughout his book, Schlosser consistently tries to create an emotional appeal, particularly to one’s injustice and disgust to depict his opinion. When one hears things such as, â€Å"The hamburger habit is just about as safe†¦as getting your meat out of a garbage can† (Schlosser 195), he or she cannot help but to be disgusted. Of course no one wants to be told that he or she is eating trash. Moreover, Schlosser discusses other vomit-inducing truths such as, the numerous amounts of cannibal animals among the animals whose meat becomes the food that people eat at a fast food restaurant (202). He also talks about how every year there are millions of dead animals purchased to be fed to the animals that restaurants provide as meat (Schlosser 202). Lastly, Schlosser writes, â€Å"There is shit in the meat† (197), which immediately grabs the reader’s attention and hence shows his pathetic appeal to persuasively convey his opinion. Would anyone really want to eat a feces burger for lunch? In addition, out of 355 detailed pages, Schlosser’s statistics are omnipresent. He constantly uses them to back up his statements with evidence, even dedicating one sixth of the book to notes full of statistics with reputable sources. Although he already states his facts persuasively, they become more convincing with this use of logos. For instance, at many times, authors will make up a statement and act as if it were a true fact. However, when he writes, â€Å"There is a 100 percent turnover rate annually† (Schlosser 325) and quotes it from a published article, one can actually know the turnover rate without having to question its validity. Furthermore, when Schlosser writes about how 7. 5% of all ground beef samples are contaminated with Salmonella and quotes it from a Nationwide Microbiological survey, one does not have a hard time believing its legitimacy (Schlosser 333). One of the most persuasive strategies Schlosser uses in his book is his appeal to his audience’s consequential fears of fast food. For most people, living life is a wonderful gift and if anything could be able to take it away, people would doubtlessly avoid it. Schlosser does an effective job at listing the harmful consequences; since he clearly detests the fast food industry’s influence, he does this to help reform against the influence of it. For example, when Schlosser brings up the existence of E. coli O157:H7 in fast food, he does not simply say, â€Å"It is bad† (199). He goes on and elaborates with great detail, giving a story of a six year old boy named Alex who died because of the bug (200). Not only does he dramatize the story but he also narrates the events chronologically to draw the greatest response from the reader. Schlosser writes, â€Å"It progressed to diarrhea†¦Doctors frantically tried to save Alex’s life, drilling holes in his skull to relieve pressure, inserting tubes in his chest to keep him breathing†¦ Toward the end, Alex suffered hallucinations and dementia, no longer recognizing his mother or father† (200). These events, individually, already seem terrifying. Together, it magnifies the effect. Pathos and logos play an important role throughout Schlosser’s entire book. He is clearly against the fast food industry’s ubiquitous influence and as a result, he writes with pathetic appeals, reputable sources, and fear evoking descriptions to abolish its influence on American culture. What he writes has shown to be true; fast food has had a negative effect on society. While fast food may have some benefits, it’s detrimental in the long run. Day by day, the influence of fast food continues to grow and harm the American culture.

The Dollar Sign ($) and Underscore (_) in JavaScript

The Dollar Sign ($) and Underscore (_) in JavaScript The  dollar sign ($)  and the  underscore  (_) characters are JavaScript identifiers, which just means that they identify an object in the same way a name would.  The  objects they identify include things such as variables, functions, properties, events, and objects. For this reason, these characters are not treated  the same way as other special symbols. Instead, JavaScript treats  $  and  _  as if they were  letters of the alphabet. A JavaScript identifier  - again, just a name for any object  - must start with a lower or upper case letter, underscore (_), or dollar sign ($); subsequent characters can also include digits (0-9).  Anywhere that an alphabetic character is allowed in JavaScript, 54 possible letters are available: any lowercase letter (a through z), any uppercase letter (A through Z), $ and _. The Dollar ($) Identifier The dollar sign is commonly used as a shortcut to the function document.getElementById(). Because this function is fairly verbose and used frequently in JavaScript, the $ has long been used as its alias, and  many of the libraries available for use with JavaScript create a  $()  function that references an element from the DOM if you pass it the id of that element. There is nothing about $ that requires it to be used this way, however. But it has been the convention, although there is nothing in the language to enforce it. The dollar sign $ was chosen for the function name by the first of these libraries because it is a short one-character word, and $  was least likely to be used by itself as a function name and therefore the least likely to clash with other code in the page. Now multiple libraries are providing their own version of the $() function, so many now provide the option to turn off that definition in order to avoid clashes.   Of course,  you dont need to use a library to be able to use $(). All you need to substitute $() for document.getElementById() is to add a definition of the $() function to your code as follows: function $(x) {return document.getElementById(x);} The Underscore _ Identifier   A convention has also developed regarding the use of _, which is frequently used to preface the name of an objects property or method that is private. This is a quick and easy way to immediately identify a private class member, and it is so widely used, that almost every programmer will recognize it. This is particularly useful in JavaScript since defining fields as private or public is done without the use of the  private and public keywords (at least this is true in the versions of JavaScript used in web browsers - JavaScript 2.0 does allow these keywords). Note that again, as with $, the use of _ is merely a convention and is not enforced by JavaScript itself. As far as JavaScript is concerned, $ and _ are just ordinary letters of the alphabet. Of course, this special treatment of $ and _  applies only within JavaScript itself. When you test for alphabetic characters in the data, they are treated as special characters no different from any of the other special characters.

How to Say Happy Birthday in Russian

How to Say Happy Birthday in Russian The most common way to say happy birthday in Russian is Ð ¡ Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã'  (zDNYOM razhDYEnya). Of course, there are numerous other birthday wishes you can offer, depending on the situation and your relationship with the person whose birthday it is. There are also several well-known Russian birthday toasts and birthday songs. Russian Birthday Greetings The most common Russian birthday greeting is Ð ¡ Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã' .Ð ¡ Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ð ²Ã °Ã'€Ð µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã' ! is a fun, informal way to wish a happy birthday to children or friends.In addition to the standard greeting, you can add extra birthday wishes, such as Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž Ð ²Ã' Ã µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ã' Ã °Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ð »Ã'Æ'Ã'‡Ã'ˆÐ µÃ ³Ã ¾ (wishing you all the best).The most popular birthday song in Russia is called ПÐ µÃ' Ã µÃ ½Ã ºÃ ° Ð ºÃ'€Ð ¾Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ´Ã ¸Ã »Ã ° ГÐ µÃ ½Ã'‹ (Crocodile Genas Song). Happy Birthday to Children or Friends When addressing children or friends, you can say Ð ¡ Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ð ²Ã °Ã'€Ð µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã'  (zDNYOM vaRYENya). This expression is a fun, informal birthday wish that comes from the popular Russian cartoon ÐÅ"Ð °Ã »Ã'‹Ã'ˆ Ð ¸ КÐ °Ã'€Ð »Ã' Ã ¾Ã ½ (Smidge and Karlsson). Ð ¡ Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ð ²Ã °Ã'€Ð µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã'  translates to Happy Jam Day. Birthday Congratulations in Russian Once you have given the standard birthday greeting (Ð ¡ Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã' ), you should offer additional birthday wishes. Here are the most common birthday congratulations in Russian. Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž Ð ²Ã' Ã µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ã' Ã °Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ð »Ã'Æ'Ã'‡Ã'ˆÐ µÃ ³Ã ¾ Pronunciation: ZhyLAyu VSYEvoh SAmavuh LOOtshivuhMeaning: Wishing you all the best.Usage: This expression can be used both formally and informally and is suitable for most situations. Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž Ã' Ã °Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾-Ã' Ã °Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Pronunciation: ZhyLAyu SAmavuh SAmavuhMeaning: Wishing you all the very best.Usage: This expression is informal and can be used with friends and family. Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž Ð ²Ã' Ã µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ³Ã ¾, Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ã'‚Ã'‹/Ð ²Ã'‹ Ã' Ã µÃ ±Ã µ Ã' Ã °Ã ¼/Ð °/Ð ¸ Ð ¶Ã µÃ »Ã °Ã µÃ'ˆÃ'Å'/Ð ¶Ã µÃ »Ã °Ã µÃ'‚Ð µ Pronunciation: ZhyLAyu vsyVOH taVOH, SHTO ty/vy siBYE sam/saMAH/Sami zhyLAysh / zhyLAyityeMeaning: Wishing you everything that you wish for yourself.Usage: An informal expression, this birthday phrase is suitable when speaking to a friend, a close colleague, or a relative. (Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž) Ã' Ã'‡Ð °Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å'Ã'  Ð ¸ Ð ·Ã ´Ã ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ²Ã'Å'Ã'  Pronunciation: (ZhyLAyu) SHAStya ee zdaROHvyaMeaning: (Wishing you) happiness and health.Usage: This is a general birthday expression and can be used in any situation. Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž Ã'Æ'Ã' Ã ¿Ã µÃ'…Ð ° Ð ¸ Ã'€Ð °Ã ´Ã ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸ Pronunciation: ZheLAyu oosPYEhah ee RAdasteeMeaning: Wishing you success and joy.Usage: A general expression suitable for formal and informal situations. Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'ˆÐ µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ð ½Ã °Ã' Ã'‚Ã'€Ð ¾Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã'  Pronunciation: ZheLAyu haROshivuh nastraYEneeyaMeaning: Wishing you good spirits / to be in a great mood.Usage: This is an uplifting general phrase that can be used in most situations. Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž Ð »Ã'ŽÐ ±Ã ²Ã ¸ Pronunciation: ZhyLAyu lyubVEEMeaning: Wishing you love.Usage: This is another general expression that can be used as an extra birthday wish in a series of good wishes. Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ±Ã'‹ Ã'Æ' Ã'‚Ð µÃ ±Ã'  Ð ²Ã' Ã µ Ð ±Ã'‹Ð »Ã ¾, Ð ° Ã'‚Ð µÃ ±Ã µ Ð ·Ã ° Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ½Ã ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ ³Ã ¾ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ±Ã'‹Ð »Ã ¾ Pronunciation: ZhyLAyu SHTOby oo tyeBYA VSYO BYluh, ah tyBYE za EHtuh nichiVOH NYE byluhMeaning: I wish that you have everything and dont get in trouble for it.Usage: An informal and humorous phrase, it can be used in most informal situations, including work and family birthday celebrations. It is also great for using as a toast. Birthday Toast This humorous birthday toast is informal and playful. Its perfect for group birthday wishes, offered with glasses raised. Ðâ€"Ð µÃ »Ã °Ã'Ž Ð ²Ã ¾ Ð ²Ã' Ã'‘Ð ¼ Ð ±Ã'‹Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð ¿Ã µÃ'€Ð ²Ã ¾Ã ¹ / Ð ¿Ã µÃ'€Ð ²Ã'‹Ð ¼,Ð’Ã' Ã µÃ ³Ã ´Ã ° Ð ¸Ã ¼Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å' Ð ²Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ã'Ž Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã »Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¸Ã ½Ã ºÃ'Æ',Ð Ã ¸Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ³Ã ´Ã ° Ð ½Ã µ Ð ±Ã'‹Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ã'‚Ã'€Ð µÃ'‚Ã'Å'Ð µÃ ¹ Ð »Ã ¸Ã'ˆÐ ½Ã µÃ ¹ / Ã'‚Ã'€Ð µÃ'‚Ð ¸Ã ¼ Ð »Ã ¸Ã'ˆÐ ½Ã ¸Ã ¼,ИÐ ¼Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å' Ã' Ã ²Ã ¾Ã ¸ Ã'‡Ð µÃ'‚Ã'‹Ã'€Ð µ Ã'Æ'Ð ³Ã ¾Ã »Ã ºÃ °,И Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ±Ã'‹ Ð ²Ã' Ã'‘ Ð ² Ð ¶Ã ¸Ã ·Ã ½Ã ¸ Ð ±Ã'‹Ð »Ã ¾ Ð ½Ã ° Ð ¿Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å'. Translation: Wishing you to always be first in everything,To always have your second half,To never be a third extra,To have your own four corners,And for everything in life to be a 5. The toast uses the numbers one through five to offer cleverly-phrased wishes for success (to be first in everything), love (your second half), companionship (never be a third extra), a place of ones own (your own four corners), and happiness everything in life to be a 5). The use of the number 5 refers to the Russian grading system; a 5 is the highest grade a student can receive. Happy Birthday Song in Russian The best-known Russian birthday song comes from Cheburashka (Ð §Ã µÃ ±Ã'Æ'Ã'€Ð °Ã'ˆÐ ºÃ °), a popular Soviet cartoon. Called Crocodile Genas Song (ПÐ µÃ' Ã µÃ ½Ã ºÃ ° Ð ºÃ'€Ð ¾Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ´Ã ¸Ã »Ã ° ГÐ µÃ ½Ã'‹), the song creates a nostalgic birthday mood for many contemporary Russians. The lyrics are provided below with an English translation. ПÐ µÃ' Ã µÃ ½Ã ºÃ ° Ð ºÃ'€Ð ¾Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ´Ã ¸Ã »Ã ° ГÐ µÃ ½Ã'‹ (Russian Lyrics) ПÃ'Æ'Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å' Ð ±Ã µÃ ³Ã'Æ'Ã'‚ Ð ½Ã µÃ'Æ'Ð ºÃ »Ã'ŽÐ ¶Ã µÃÅ¸Ã µÃ'ˆÐ µÃ'…Ð ¾Ã ´Ã'‹ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ð »Ã'Æ'Ð ¶Ã °Ã ¼,Ð  Ð ²Ã ¾Ã ´Ã ° Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ð °Ã' Ã'„Ð °Ã »Ã'Å'Ã'‚Ã'Æ' Ã'€Ð µÃ ºÃ ¾Ã ¹.И Ð ½Ã µÃ' Ã' Ã ½Ã ¾ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'…Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ¸Ã ¼Ãâ€™ Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'‚ Ð ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å' Ð ½Ã µÃ ¿Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã ¸Ã ¹,ПÐ ¾Ã'‡Ð µÃ ¼Ã'Æ' Ã'  Ð ²Ã µÃ' Ã µÃ »Ã'‹Ð ¹ Ã'‚Ð °Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ¹. Ð  Ã'  Ð ¸Ã ³Ã'€Ð °Ã'Ž Ð ½Ã ° Ð ³Ã °Ã'€Ð ¼Ã ¾Ã'ˆÐ ºÃ µÃ £ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'…Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ¸Ã'… Ð ½Ã ° Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã'Æ'.К Ã' Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã »Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã'Ž, Ð ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å' Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã' Ã ¢Ã ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ºÃ ¾ Ã'€Ð °Ã · Ð ² Ð ³Ã ¾Ã ´Ã'Æ'. ПÃ'€Ð ¸Ã »Ã µÃ'‚Ð ¸Ã'‚ Ð ²Ã ´Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ð ³ Ð ²Ã ¾Ã »Ã'ˆÐ µÃ ±Ã ½Ã ¸Ã ºÃâ€™ Ð ³Ã ¾Ã »Ã'Æ'Ð ±Ã ¾Ã ¼ Ð ²Ã µÃ'€Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã »Ã µÃ'‚Ð µÃËœ Ð ±Ã µÃ' Ã ¿Ã »Ã °Ã'‚Ð ½Ã ¾ Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ºÃ °Ã ¶Ã µÃ'‚ Ð ºÃ ¸Ã ½Ã ¾.Ð ¡ Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã'  Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ·Ã ´Ã'€Ð °Ã ²Ã ¸Ã'‚И, Ð ½Ã °Ã ²Ã µÃ'€Ð ½Ã ¾, Ð ¾Ã' Ã'‚Ð °Ã ²Ã ¸Ã'‚ÐÅ"Ð ½Ã µ Ð ² Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ´Ã °Ã'€Ð ¾Ã º Ð ¿Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å'Ã' Ã ¾Ã'‚ Ã' Ã' Ã ºÃ ¸Ã ¼Ã ¾. Ð  Ã'  Ð ¸Ã ³Ã'€Ð °Ã'Ž Ð ½Ã ° Ð ³Ã °Ã'€Ð ¼Ã ¾Ã'ˆÐ ºÃ µÃ £ Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'…Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ¸Ã'… Ð ½Ã ° Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã'Æ'.К Ã' Ã ¾Ã ¶Ã °Ã »Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã'Ž, Ð ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å' Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã' Ã ¢Ã ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ð ºÃ ¾ Ã'€Ð °Ã · Ð ² Ð ³Ã ¾Ã ´Ã'Æ'. Crocodile Genas Song (English Translation) Let the pedestrians run clumsily through the puddlesAnd the water run on the pavement like a river.It is unclear to the passers-byOn this wet and dull dayWhy I’m so happy. And I’m playing the accordionFor everyone to see.It is unfortunate, butBirthdaysOnly come once a year. And suddenly a wizardWould fly in, in a sky blue helicopter,And show a movie for free.He would wish me a happy birthdayAnd probably leave as a present for me500 chocolate ice-cream lollipops. And I’m playing the accordionFor everyone to see.It is unfortunate, butBirthdaysOnly come once a year. The English-Language Happy Birthday Song The standard English-language birthday song has its own Russian translation. While it is not as popular as Crocodile Genas Song, the birthday song is well-known in Russia and can be sung just as it is in English-speaking countries. The Russian lyrics are: Ð ¡ Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã'  Ã'‚Ð µÃ ±Ã' , Ã'  Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã'  Ã'‚Ð µÃ ±Ã' , Ã'  Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã' , Ã'  Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã'  Ã'  Ð ´Ã ½Ã µÃ ¼ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¶Ã ´Ã µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã'  Ã'‚Ð µÃ ±Ã' . Russian Birthday Traditions Most Russians celebrate their birthday on or after their official birth date. This is because of a popular superstition which states that offering birthday wishes before someones birthday could put that person in danger. For the same reason, giving presents before someones official birthday is also frowned upon. Some Russians put an extra candle on the cake to ensure a good birthday year. Candles are meant to be blown out all at once, and if you make a wish while blowing out the candles, it is considered bad luck to share it. Another Russian birthday tradition involves pulling the birthday persons ears a certain number of times: their age in years plus one. The silly ritual is often accompanied by the following chant: Ã'€Ð °Ã' Ã'‚Ð ¸ Ð ±Ã ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ã'ˆÐ ¾Ã ¹ Ð ¸ Ð ½Ã µ Ð ±Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã'Å' Ð »Ã °Ã ¿Ã'ˆÐ ¾Ã ¹ (rasTEE balSHOY ee ni BUD lapSHOY). The saying literally translates to grow big and dont be a noodle- in other words, grow big and dont be foolish.

Size, Facts, and Figures of the Alamosaurus

Size, Facts, and Figures of the Alamosaurus Although there may be other genera whose fossils have yet to be discovered, Alamosaurus (Greek for Alamo lizard and pronounced AL-ah-moe-SORE-us) is one of the few titanosaurs known to have lived in the late Cretaceous (70-65 million years ago) in North America, and possibly in vast numbers: According to one analysis, there may have been as many as 350,000 of these 60-foot-long herbivores living in Texas at any given time. Its closest relative appears to have been another titanosaur, Saltasaurus. Bigger Than We Thought A recent analysis has shown that Alamosaurus may have been a bigger dinosaur than originally estimated, possibly in the weight class of its more famous South American cousin Argentinosaurus. It turns out that some of the type fossils used to reconstruct Alamosaurus may have come from adolescents rather than full-grown adults, meaning that this titanosaur may well have attained lengths of over 60 feet from head to tail and weights in excess of 70 or 80 tons. The Origin of the Name By the way, its an odd fact that Alamosaurus wasnt named after the Alamo in Texas, but the Ojo Alamo sandstone formation in New Mexico. This herbivore already had its name when numerous (but incomplete) fossils were discovered in the Lone Star State, so you might say that everything worked out in the end!

Personality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Personality - Essay Example In additions, managers should mostly engage staff with proactive personality. Workers with this type of personality look for opportunities and act on them. They exhibit initiative and stop at nothing until the opportunity effects a change in the organization, In Personality psychology, Burger, Jerry (2010) identifies five broad dimensions or domains of personality. These domains are broadly referred to as the Five Big traits of personality. Personality experts and scholars broadly support the theory known as the five-factor model on which the Five Big traits of personality derive their base. The five big traits of personality, according to the theory, include openness (O), extraversion (E), conscientiousness (C), neuroticism (N) and agreeableness (A). Burger, Jerry (2011) suggests the use of acronyms such as OCEAN and CANOE to identify the five traits collectively. The chief purpose of the theory is to give an account for different characteristics and traits in personality. Empirical research on the Big Five personality characteristics has shown, to a large extent, consistency in observations, interviews and self-description. The research, therefore, indicates that the personality tests are very accurate and reliable. Burger, Jerry (2011) defines openness as the appreciation for emotions, art, imaginations, unusual ideas, curiosity and other experiences. They reckon that staffs that are open to new experiences are willing to try new ventures, intellectually curious and sensitive to changes in the organization. Unlike closed people, open people are very creative and more conscious of their feelings. Burger, Jerry (2011) adds that open people not likely to hold conventional beliefs. Open people prefer novelty to familiarity, and they do not resist change. A conscientious person acts dutifully, is self-disciplined and achieves above the expectations.

Haute Couture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Haute Couture - Essay Example The late 1970’s were a time where interest in science fiction and the future was a common theme at the social level, with movies being launched such as Star Wars. The 1979 design illustrated the social demand for future lifestyle and innovation in fashion as well as showing the female clothing buyer as an important and respected part of international business. These suits were not created with explosive colours or other eye-catching patterns from previous years, rather the 1979 collection allowed simple, yet future-looking fabrics blend into design innovation in a way that was meaningful for mass market buyers and the female businessperson. A recent 2009 collection from Pierre Cardin reverts back to some of these design principles, using simple black and white and geometric patterns to create a stunning collection for women. The Appendix section shows an outfit which consists of dizzying explosions of black designwork throughout the collection which spirals like a liquid maze across the clothing. Key areas of sensuality on the female, including the hips and shoulders, are emphasised with sudden angular folds in the fabric which flair the outfit in key body locations. There are some significant differences to these different collections spanning 20 years, including the length of the hemline. In the 1970s, it was more acceptable to have longer skirts for business and even casual wear at a time where culture was emerging from more reserved moral and lifestyle values. This social aspect of lifestyle was added to the 1979 businesswoman collection and the outfit’s length was generally always below the knee. This fit within acceptable dress norms for the woman in business at the time. Today, however, Cardin has become more risquà © when redeveloping older styles for the new luxury consumer and has shortened the length of various dresses and suits to appeal to the more

Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Ethics - Assignment Example Human are increasingly becoming greedy. This way, the destroy nature to achieve personal gratifications. Question 4: I look forward to learn about preservation. In the midst of the foretold destruction, humans will have to preserve the resources. I therefore look forward to studying the role that preservation will play in saving the future of humanity. Question 5: Property rights do not and should not outweigh the long-term survival of nature. In fact, laws should always protect the long-term survival of nature. Nature sustains human among other forms of life. Question 6: Animals have rights too and the governments should always formulate appropriate laws to safeguard the rights of animals. Poaching has proven that human activities continue to threaten the survival of nature. Recognizing the rights of animals is the surest way to both preservation and conservation. Question 7: The society and culture is indeed ill. The claim provides a rational explanation to the fact that a human would hunt and annihilate rhinos, elephants and other rare wild cats just for money. Such wanton selfishness is a sign of illness of the human culture. Question 8: conservations and preservation of watershed boundaries is a feature of bioregionalism that promises hope for the biodiversity in nature. Bioregionalism provides effective ways of protecting the environment since it creates small and manageable portions of nature thereby making it easy for governments to protect and conserve nature. Question 9: Western mindset promises better environmental ideology. Such basic ideologies as regionalism and preservation are western and they both provide ways for humans to use nature to achieve their personal gratification while safeguarding nature. This way, both humanity and nature win. Question 10: The chaotic attractors in the modern society include pollution, which influences climatic change thereby causing numerous life threatening consequences. Pollution

Business driven information technoligy Term Paper

Business driven information technoligy - Term Paper Example By taking into consideration of these policies, IBM effectively secures its information assets in quite an ethical manner. The company delivers two types of services one is ‘Managed Security Services (MSS)’ and the other one is â€Å"Cloud Security Services (CSS)’. Through MSS, IBM offers ‘single management console’ by which IT department team frequently monitors its overall information infrastructure. With the help of CSS, the company provides an advanced technological platform called ‘IBM Virtual-Security Operations Centre’ by which it delivers high value services to its customers which does not require low cost security devices and maintenance (IBM, 2012). Apart from these two services, IBM also offers application & data security services, identify and access management services and IT & network infrastructure security services. With the help of these services, the company has been ethically capable to secure its information assets. S ince the initiation, IBM has followed certain business conduct guidelines in quite an ethical way by which it has been able to maintain confidentiality among its service software, application and information assets. The company ensures that every level of personnel should comply with IBM directives, polices and mentioned guidelines. For instance, employee who expertise in specific areas such as procurement, tax, imports and export must also obey certain kinds of guidelines. IBM has extensive precious assets which comprise huge proprietary information such as the company’s intellectual property, confidential information assets, system software and physical property. The company’s wide variety of services helps to strengthen its abilities in order to ethically manage, digitize and secure its valuable assets (IBM, 2012). Recommendations for Additional Types of Ethical Practices and Security By taking into concern regarding IBM’s business code of conduct, it has bee n observed that the company secures its information assets in quite an ethical manner. However, it is necessary for the company to understand employees’ issues and satisfaction levels regarding business policies and working environment. IBM should assess whether or not the employees are comfortable with the specified laws and policies. IBM’s top level must understand and analyze every employee’s issues, behaviors and attitudes towards the workplace and should justify them in quite an ethical manner. Contextually, the security issue for IBM can be strengthened further with the frequent changes in passwords by the employees related to intellectual assets of the company such as project related blueprints among others. Upgradation of security software to track malpractices such as hacking of confidential organizational data can be ensured through use of firewall and augmentation of network security. Chapter 5 Steps taken by Popular Technology Manufacturers to Reduce E-Waste ‘Electronic Waste’ or ‘E-Waste’ is one of the rapidly developing problems all over the world. E-waste primarily consists of a huge amount of various components such as toxic materials and hazardous materials among others which create undesirable impact upon human health and environment if it is not dealt with adequately. The United Nations, non-governmental organizations and private IT sector companies have agreed to take serious

Finance and accounting internship paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Finance and accounting internship - Term Paper Example Ibrahim, one of the finance managers, who directly reported to the Vice-president Finance department. However, the received my daily tasks and assistance from the financial executives who were in Mr. Ibrahim’s team. Mr. Ibrahim evaluated my performance, which my senior provided me. I assisted financial executives in different accounting and financial management functions associated with the construction of few projects for eminent clients of Abu Dhabi. I assisted my managers in tasks ranging from posting expenses, and other transactions, calculating payroll, planning payment schedules, internal auditing, tax compilation, etc. It was a great learning experience because I could explore and actually understand various financial functions practically. Acknowledgement I would like to express my gratitude to Wahat Al Wafa General Construction and Maintenance Company, and Mr. ... They have been my mentor throughout my internship. Last but not the least; I thank my family and friends, as without their motivation I would not have been able to achieve success through my internship. Chapter 1: Introduction This section of the study aims at introducing the readers to the industry of general contracting and maintenance of Abu Dhabi, so that they can understand the nature of work the company does, and its position in the market. 1.1 Brief Insight of the General Contracting and Maintenance Industry in Abu Dhabi The maintenance and construction sector includes establishments primarily construction of highways, buildings, or utility system. The establishments are mainly engaged in preparation of new sites for construction and sub-dividing various plots of lands for sales. The construction work that is generally done includes maintenance, repairs, alterations, etc. In the next few years Abu Dhabi is going to lay out a fully developed plan for becoming a global leader in maintenance and construction sector. Even after the global recession and real estate crisis in Dubai, Abu Dhabi was not knocked off, and it succeeds in registering a growth of 33.5 percent in the year 2008. According to the records stated by Emirates, the maintenance and construction sector also showed an escalating growth in 2007, when the rest of the world stated facing the heat of financial crisis (Campbell, 2007; Weygandt, Kimmel, & Kieso, 2010). The major reason which this industry is flourishing in Abu Dhabi and other Gulf countries is due to increasing interest of tourist in the country. Construction and maintenance of hotels, villas, parks, sports facilities, luxury pent houses, etc have increased in the

Code Blue--Emergent Care Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Code Blue--Emergent Care - Assignment Example Emergency rooms offer significant medical benefits to relevant patients from the expertise of medical specialists in all Emergency rooms (Gindi et al, 2011). As a result, the nation’s emergency rooms treat millions of patients who visit the attention of the medical facility (Gindi et al, 2011). However, there have been various complaints against the services, organization, and management of the emergency rooms. As seen in this context, such complaints may relate to inadequate patient care, poor Emergency Room management, long wait times, and patients being sent away because of lack of space, staff, or physicians to provide appropriate care (Gindi et al, 2011). These complaints demean the effectiveness of the emergency rooms. Nevertheless, various hospitals and other primary care centers are putting significant efforts to address the problems which normally relate to the operations in emergency rooms. As a chief operating officer, this paper highlights my discussion on the comp laints, measures to overcome the complaints, the effects of the â€Å"Good Samaritan Law† in treating ER patients, and other dynamics that relate to Emergency Rooms. Diagnosis of the Root Causes of the Complaints about the Clinic The numerous complaints about the clinic which hosts the Emergency Room emanate from different patients who register their dissatisfaction in the operations of the emergency room. Indeed, the complaints had different patterns, overall incidences, causes, validity, and possible solutions. The complaints included inadequate patient care, poor Emergency Room management, long wait times, and patients being sent away because of lack of space, staff, or physicians to provide appropriate care. The complaints emanated from insufficient communication by the doctor, nurse, registration clerk, and health care assistants (Tam & Lau, n.y). This leads to the patients assumption of poor staff attitude which results to assumed inadequate patient care. In fact, poor communication provokes incorrect interpretation of Emergency Room staff attitude and explanation and hence the complaints. Indeed, where the hospital staff cannot master effective communication skills, the patients always complain against the health system. At the same time, misdiagnosis and disagreement on diagnosis by the doctors leads to ineffective treatment which reflects on the patient’s complaints of inadequate patient care or lack of appropriate care at the clinic (Tam & Lau, n.y). In addition, lack of proper management skills among the health care providers lead to inadequate management which generate complaints of poor Emergency Room management in the clinic. Actually, the hiring of inadequate managers derives these complaints in the long run. Moreover, the environment which incorporates poor design of the clinic will lead to complaints of insufficient space and insufficient number of lift in the facility as the management will have to send the patients away subject to the resultant constraints. Seasonal outbreaks, higher patient volumes, and inappropriate use of emergency departments by patients with comparatively minor illnesses also lead to such complaints. Moreover, the government’s inability or ignorance to finance the health sector leads to the hiring and retention of insufficient staff or physicians which consequently generates the patient’

Finance and accounting internship paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Finance and accounting internship - Term Paper Example Ibrahim, one of the finance managers, who directly reported to the Vice-president Finance department. However, the received my daily tasks and assistance from the financial executives who were in Mr. Ibrahim’s team. Mr. Ibrahim evaluated my performance, which my senior provided me. I assisted financial executives in different accounting and financial management functions associated with the construction of few projects for eminent clients of Abu Dhabi. I assisted my managers in tasks ranging from posting expenses, and other transactions, calculating payroll, planning payment schedules, internal auditing, tax compilation, etc. It was a great learning experience because I could explore and actually understand various financial functions practically. Acknowledgement I would like to express my gratitude to Wahat Al Wafa General Construction and Maintenance Company, and Mr. ... They have been my mentor throughout my internship. Last but not the least; I thank my family and friends, as without their motivation I would not have been able to achieve success through my internship. Chapter 1: Introduction This section of the study aims at introducing the readers to the industry of general contracting and maintenance of Abu Dhabi, so that they can understand the nature of work the company does, and its position in the market. 1.1 Brief Insight of the General Contracting and Maintenance Industry in Abu Dhabi The maintenance and construction sector includes establishments primarily construction of highways, buildings, or utility system. The establishments are mainly engaged in preparation of new sites for construction and sub-dividing various plots of lands for sales. The construction work that is generally done includes maintenance, repairs, alterations, etc. In the next few years Abu Dhabi is going to lay out a fully developed plan for becoming a global leader in maintenance and construction sector. Even after the global recession and real estate crisis in Dubai, Abu Dhabi was not knocked off, and it succeeds in registering a growth of 33.5 percent in the year 2008. According to the records stated by Emirates, the maintenance and construction sector also showed an escalating growth in 2007, when the rest of the world stated facing the heat of financial crisis (Campbell, 2007; Weygandt, Kimmel, & Kieso, 2010). The major reason which this industry is flourishing in Abu Dhabi and other Gulf countries is due to increasing interest of tourist in the country. Construction and maintenance of hotels, villas, parks, sports facilities, luxury pent houses, etc have increased in the

Human Development- Psychological and SocialConsequences of Obesity Term Paper

Human Development- Psychological and SocialConsequences of Obesity - Term Paper Example evelopment, this study will first discuss basic information about obesity followed by discussing the psychological and social consequences of obesity. After discussing the factors that contributes to high rate of obesity, some of the recommended ways on how obese individuals can effectively control their weight will be tackled in details. Obesity is defined as â€Å"an excess of body fat that frequently lead to a significant impairment over a person’s health and longevity† (House of Commons Health Committee, 2004). In general, a normal weight is computed using the Body Mass Index (BMI) wherein the normal range for an adult should be between 18.5 to less than 25 (BMI 18.5 to 25 kg/m2). BMI measurement between the ranges of 25 to less than 30 (BMI 25 to 30 kg/m2) is considered overweight and BMI measurement that exceeds 30 (BMI ≠¥ 30 kg/m2) is considered obese. The application of BMI method is computed based on the height of a person and age including the waist circumference. Based on the computation result, obesity can be classified either as: (1) Class I (BMI 30 to 34.9 kg/m2); (2) Class II (BMI 35 to 39.9 kg/m2); and (3) Class III (BMI ≠¥ 40 kg/m2) (Berg, 2003; NHLBI, 1998). (See Appendix I – Body Mass Index on page 20) There are quite a number of techniques that can be used in measuring body fat. Among these techniques include the use of bioelectrical impedance, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and the total volume of the body’s water content (Berg, 2003). Since these methods are quite impractical to use, medical practitioners simply adopt the BMI method. Aside from the use of BMI method, medical practitioners can also use the formula â€Å"weight in pounds divided by height in inches squared multiplied by 703 or weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared† (Berg, 2003). Obesity is a serious health problem since it could lead to negative affects related to a person’s physical health, emotional well-being, and psychosocial functioning

Achieving Cultural Awareness: Through Teaching Slavery

Achieving Cultural Awareness: Through Teaching Slavery What are the benefits of introducing Worldviews when teaching students about Slavery in the United States of America as it relates to cultural awareness? Society has become the social norm for what is culturally right or wrong as it relates to the many diverse cultures in the United States of America. American social-cultural tolerance is founded on the social model that diversity exists and must be accepted, without disparities. I will show that incorporating worldviews during the unit of study involving slavery may promote and encourage cultural awareness. This literature review will provide a comprehension review of the literature relating to the importance of incorporating worldviews with the teaching of Slavery in America. The purpose of introducing worldview into the Common Core State Sstandards is to encourage and promote cultural awareness (Core Standards.org,2017). Todays students need to avoid the error made by the protagonist in the puritan debates of simplifying the position taken by the various figures in the controversy. We also need to avoid interpreting the events in terms to 20th century values. There is no question that the values and concerns of men and women like John Winthrop, Thomas Dudley, Roger Williams, and Anne Hutchinson are different from ours. But focusing on how they sought to define the limits of their society may help us to understand our own struggles to define the limits of acceptable belief and behavior Francis J. Bremer (Bremer,2009-2016). How has society become the social normhas culture diversity influenced it? I think your quote should go after encourager cultural awareness.and your statement after that to support why you are using that quote.its kind of hanging out there. In the social realm, worldview is a term that should be embraced, but many teachers are apprehensive of discussing such topics. The apprehension starts with the lack of resources for strategically implementing the knowledge and fundamentals of worldviews. For one to be culturally aware, one must respect the differences that make everyone so unique. Religion, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, homelessness, bullying, is not going anywhere; teachers can take a stand to start teaching multicultural awareness simply through an incorporation of Worldviews. The literature that was gathered consisted of research studies and articles that specified (specify) the importance of teaching worldviews and slavery. As the researcher, I focused on studies, articles, and books that provided solutions to teaching worldviews and controversial topics. Students cannot embrace diversity when they know nothing about worldviews. The benefit of strategically incorporating worldviews will provide insight, meaning, information, knowledge, and content of slavery and all other monumental historical events. Negative bias will decrease, and academic achievement will increase as students learn about worldviews and slavery together. The term worldview is defined as the framework of beliefs by which a person views the world around him (Hindson Caner, 2008, p. 498). This definition clearly justifies why it is imperative to incorporate worldviews when teaching slavery in America. I like to use any other word than buthowever fits good. Implementing..worldviews concerning what? Diversity with the 21st century due to issues such as globalization has made is so that one has to releases the limiting mindsets such as discrimination if one is to become fully engaged in the changes within the worlds we know it today. The literature gather for this paper consist of studies. (I believe students can better educated and have a better understand of the world they are growing up if they are receive the proper education.) =============== (The benefit of strategically incorporating worldviews is there will be an increase inand an decrease in negative bias.) Question what do you mean by strategically incorporating worldviews? Is it necessary to strategically incorporate teaching of slavery into school curriculum? Or is that to say it should become an active component of the current history system to give a fuller view of World history as well as American history . I thing strategically incorporating does not add the emphasis on accepting your argumentit sounds like you are trying to sneak it in past some opposition. You brought the worldview definition after you used it earlier. I would bring this out earlier if I am defining a term that I will use throughout my writing The Future of Tourism in the UAE: An analysis The Future of Tourism in the UAE: An analysis The Future of Tourism in the UAE Introduction The United Arabs Emirates has recorded significant developments in the recent past in a number of sectors. Travel and Tourism industry, one of the sectors, has since its initiation indicated high significance in the economic developments. Such economic developments have yielded a direct contribution of about 20 percent and consequent 6 percent in the entire GDP and total employment opportunities. Dubai, for instance, has a record of being among the top ten tourism destination cities in the world, fundamentally propelled by the numerous business ventures and leisure activities that are well established. Among other sectors of the economy in UAE, tourism is thriving so well because of the excellent establishments, infrastructure, and landmark projects like the Dubai Mall, Burj Khalifa, and Meydaan racecourse, which are in addition to the marketing initiatives pumped in by the Emirates and DTCM. Existence and continuous success of the travel segment within the Tourism industry has been dependent of the high disposable income generation and an additionally high proportion of available expertise for the outbound travel from the city (Arab News, 2004). During Expo 2020 the tourism can visit many places in country for examples in addition to Dubai tourist places they can also enjoy to visit other places such as Yas Island in Abu Dhabi, Saadyat Island and many places also in Al Ain city. Abu Dhabi Tourism supports and promotes the heritage and culture of Abu Dhabi emirate and leverages them in the development of a world-class, sustainable destination of distinction which enriches the lives of visitors and residents alike. Contemporary Issue in Business The contemporary issues in business come from the ever-changing business and tourist sectors environment. All organizations operating in the UAE, whatever their size and whether in the public or private tourist sector, operate in a frequently changing business environment. Within this change, organizations have the opportunity to improve and grow up. The World Expo 2020 which is going be hold in UAE – Dubai will boost infrastructure in the city and help the growth of the emirate in the long-term. The infrastructure that will be created for Expo 2020 will be of great benefit to Dubai to continue growing by itself into the future (http://gulfnews.com/business/tourism/dubai-to-use-expo-2020). Dubai is enhancing its tourism and trade marketing efforts as it prepares to welcome 20 million visitors annually by 2020, which is underlined in Dubai’s tourism vision for 2020. Research Problem The United Arab Emirates is home to a rich culture heritage that has since time immemorial, been significantly influenced by the resourcefulness of its inhabitants. Through sufficient and effective exploitation of the natural resources, they transformed the harsh environment into a luxurious destination for leisure, business, and other activities. Strong inspirations of the Islam culture, that touches virtually every aspect of its occupants’ daily lives, have advanced the rich Dubais lifestyle specially the Expo 2020. In addition, there are the high levels of hospitality and courtesy that exists among the Arabs, hence leading to the most highly prized of virtues within the Arab World (De Lima, 2009). Significance of Study Life in UAE faces ever-increasing cases of advancing challenges, projected to hinder the wellbeing of its inhabitants, smooth operations of businesses, the ecosystems, justices, and the livelihoods within the surrounding. Among the issue that need re-address are the inadequacies of freshwater for daily human and plants use, poor housing facilities, inadequate number of sufficient health centers that can meet the demands of those living in UAE, and high rates of pollution caused to the environment. Much of these blames are on the tourism industry, held accountable for poor management of international tourists, businesspersons, investors, inhabitants, and local tourists. This study therefore highlights steps put forth by the tourism industry, in conjunction with the local governments to address the prevailing consequences, though with a vision of further promoting the industry for more revenue generation. Research Objectives The main objectives of this project are: To know if the infrastructure that will be created for Expo 2020 would be of great benefit to Dubai to continue growing by itself into the future To find if Expo 2020 can contribute to tourism in the UAE What is the benefits of tourism companies in UAE will get from Expo 2020 To understand through personal observation, the behaviour of residents towards tourism development during Expo 2020 To develop recommendations for tourism plans and policies based on the findings of the study. Research Design This research was carried out using a mixed research approach, in which there were options of choosing more than one research method with which to collect relevant data. As part of the advantages that have been associated with this mixed research approach, it presents numerous characteristics in data collection. One of its main advantages is that by it helps in ensuring internal validity of data because it offers a researcher an opportunity to apply the most appropriate research techniques that best address issues of concern in research, without the limitation of a research to only one research method. For this study, there was an application of combined qualitative and quantitative research techniques. In this project the research design will be depends upon data collection from different tourism organization. Research instruments Research of this nature, where there is the use of both primary and secondary data collection procedures, requires that a researcher make good use of instruments, which acts as a tool for collecting data from respondents. In the correct study, the use of research instrument having recognized that there were both qualitative and quantitative data to be collected and promptly analysed to reach the best conclusion. Interview An effective accomplishment of field data collection was realized with the use of interview questionnaire surveys between April 2014 and May 2014 in UAE. The questionnaire with a cover letter describing the purpose of the study was presented to the stakeholders in the case sector, a few tourists, and the local residents in UAE, with a request that the chief executive officers, directors, coordinators, managers or individuals. For non-response samples, an enquiry was made and the major reasons cited were lack of interest, confidentiality, the in-charge person was out of the office, or corporate policy was never to disclose information. Despite the comparatively low respondent rates, which are typical for interview surveys, the number of responses was sufficient enough for the purpose of this exploratory study was conducted. Secondary Sources Under the secondary sources, quantitative study was significant. A researcher is required to engage in authenticated document researches, which are more of a secondary data collection approach, to seek answers to some parts of the research questions and research objectives. A document research was delivered in a way that involves the researcher in gaining direct access to very vital and important UAE and tourism documents that have to do with information on the predetermined outcome of the tourism industries. Geographical Area The United Arab Emirates geography includes the location of the country, the demography and the climate. Located in the Middle East and situated between Oman and Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates outlines the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf (http://www.mapsofworld.com/UAE/geography/). The geographical alignment of United Arab Emirates determines the climatic condition of the country. Located in 24 00 degree North and 54 00 degree East, the country enjoys a sub-tropical climate with extremely hot and humid conditions. United Arab Emirates Mountains make the geography of the country all the more beautiful. Mountains in United Arab Emirates make the highest point in the country. Roads, which help in transport and communication, are built along the mountainsides. Sample Size For the purpose of the study we have decided to select 50 sample sizes from the population of study. Sampling Method Sampling is the process by which inference is made to the whole by examining a part. The purpose of sampling is to provide various types of statistical information of a qualitative or quantitative nature about the whole by examining a few selected units. The samplingmethodis the scientific procedure of selecting those sampling units which would provide the required estimates with associated margins of uncertainty, arising from examining only a part and not the whole. In this research we decided to select a sample by using simple random sampling (SRS) method. Data Collection Method To examine the future tourism in the UAE the researcher made up to use the interview method in addressing issued faced by the tourism industry in UAE was accomplished through a number of instruments. For the purpose of the study we have decided to collect the data through questionnaire and interview methods. Data Analysis The collected data would be analyzed by using statistical software called SPSS Timeline References Arab News. (2004). UAE minister tells officials to face globalization challenges. Arab News. (2009). Saudi outfits ready to face Asian professional league rivals. De Lima, J. A. (2009). â€Å"Managing change: Winning minds and hearts, balanced scorecard reports†. Harvard Business Review, 11(1). Goold, M., Campbell, A. (2002). Designing effective organizations: How to create structured networks. SanFrancisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Heilpern, J. D., Nadler, D. A. (1992). Implementing Total Quality Management: A process of cultural change. Kanter, R. M. (2003). Leadership for changes: Enduring skills for change masters. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review. Kegan, R., Lahey, L. L. (2001). Real reasons people will not change. Harvard Business Review, 79(10). Kotter, J. P. (1996). Leading change. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press 1 | Page

The Anxiety of Anti-Anxiety Medications Essay -- Biology Essays Resear

The Anxiety of Anti-Anxiety Medications 19 million Americans (approximately one in eight) aged 18-54 suffer from anxiety disorders. (1) When I heard this statistic, I realized how important the discussion of such disorders was to the sciences. 1/8th of the most productive portion of the US population suffers from an anxiety disorder. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), a division of the Institutes of Health for the Federal Government, is committed to research causes and treatment of such disorders. (2) Progress has been made, comparing studies of animals to studies of humans, in pinpointing the specific areas of the brain. Anxiety is associated with fear- fear of a specific object or situation, generalized fear and worry, recurring fearful memories, etc. The NIMH has found that a specific portion of the brain, the amygdala, controls the body's automatic response to fear. When the brain is confronted with fear, the brain takes two course of action. One, the brain transmits information to the cerebral cortex (the thinking part of the brain) to inform it of what specifically is endangering the individual. Second, the brain transmits to the amygdala the same information, so that the body might prepare for action. Beyond this information, not much is known regarding the causes or mechanics of anxiety. Granted, understanding which portions of the brain are affected by or control anxiety is an important step. However, not much conclusive evidence or useful conclusions have been reached regarding anxiety. With this information in mind, I began thinking of my personal experiences with anxiety. On one occasion I went to the emergency room, expressing the inability to breathe and dizziness. It was concluded that I ... ... the brain, assuming the medications directly treat anxiety. It is a process of elimination of sorts- it is one step in the scientific process of discovery. Thus, perhaps the prescribing of such medications will facilitate researchers. However, I think the scientific community ought to bear in mind the potential dangers of this method before applicating its results directly to patients. References 1) National Institute of Mental Health http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/anxresfact.cfm 2) National Institute of Mental Health http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/anxresfact.cfm 3) Neuropsychology and medical psychology medical resources http://www.driesen.com/index.html 4) Neuropsychology and medical psychology medical resources http://www.driesen.com/ssris.htm 5) PDR Health http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/ata1035.shtml

Othello: Summary :: essays research papers

Othello: Summary *Othello is a tense, closely-knit play, with an ever-increasing emotional scene. The character Iago, Othello's ancient, is the cause of all the tragedy which comes to pass as the play progresses. He is a manipulator, opposing Othello not directly, but through other characters whom he tricks. From his actions throughout the play one sees that Iago was gifted at using other people, to further his own schemes. *Act One, Scene One is the most important because it foreshadows the whole drama. Iago gives the reader warning that he is not all that he seems when he says, "I am not what I am" (I,i). He appears to help Roderigo, a suitor to Desdemona, who has run off with Othello, the Moorish general of the Venetian army. Iago hates Othello for another reason. instead of choosing him to be his lieutenant, Othello chose Cassio. In the end of scene, Iago and Roderigo have informed Brabantio about his daughter's elopement. Then they went to confront Othello with this situation. *At the beginning of Scene Two of Act One, Iago gives advice to Othello and lets him know what is about to happen. Shortly after their talk Brabantio confronts Othello about stealing his daughter. Then they all went and saw the Duke. Othello defends himself and asks if Desdemona can testify on the behalf of him. Othello tells how that the only "witchcraft" he used were his stories, and how Brabantio used to invite him up to tell them. Finally, Brabantio disowns Desdemona and she goes to be with Othello. *Near the end of the first scene of the second act, Iago convinces Roderigo, who was observing Cassio's enthusiastic greeting of Desdemona, that Cassio and Desdemona have something going on between them. Thus manipulating Roderigo through his passion for Desdemona, Iago convinces him to provoke Cassio to anger, so that the lieutenant will be discredited in Othello's eyes and Iago can take his position. *In Act II, Scene III, I ago tricks into a drink, knowing that he has a low tolerance for alcohol, making it easier for Roderigo to provoke him to fight. Cassio departs the scene, and Iago starts to insinuate to the other soldiers is a bit of a lush. Cassio soon, returns, chasing Roderigo, and when his comrades attempt to restrain him, he strikes at them as well. When Othello arrives on the scene, Iago makes it seem that he doesn't want to discredit Cassio, but his insinuations make Othello discharge his lieutenant. However, as soon as Othello is gone, he goes to Cassio as a helpful friend.

What I Didn’t Learn in Business School by Jay Barney Paper

MG 69016 MG 69016 What I Didn’t Learn in Business School: How Strategy Works in the Real World A Book Report By: Kaitlin Bauer What I Didn’t Learn in Business School: How Strategy Works in the Real World A Book Report By: Kaitlin Bauer 08 Fall 08 Fall 1.What lessons do you learn from Justin’s experience in terms of the limits of some of the core strategy frameworks you learned in theory (examine for example, Michael Porter’s Five Forces and the challenges Justice faced in applying it, value chain analysis, the Resource Based View) Some of the concepts/models that are applied to strategic problems vary in meaning depending on the setting one is in whether it be in the actual real world or in the classroom.These concepts applied like the five forces framework or present value analysis are just â€Å"tools† and its up to the individual to determine how it should be used. As senior director, Ken McCombs states, â€Å"You can use a hammer exactly the wa y it’s designed to be used, but instead of building something beautiful or durable, you can build a pile of junk. It’s not the tool, it’s how the tool is used; it’s the skills, interests, and motives of the person using the tool that determine whether the outcome of an analysis is reasonable. † (Barney 53).Basically, these â€Å"tools† have to be applied appropriately in order to identify and develop an effective final strategy/overall result. An example of this would be in regards to the concept of core competency. In business strategy courses, this term is used in so many different ways, its actual meaning gets lost. Justin has a difficult time throughout the book adapting his understanding of business concepts to their real-world application. In a way, he looks more into situations as if he were â€Å"cracking the case† opposed to figuring out real world situations.This seemed to be a theme of the book that Justin uncovers as he con tinues on his journey with HBS. According to Justin, the more valuable, rare, and difficult to imitate the activities your involved in are, the more likely those activities would contribute to a firms core competencies as seen within the VRIO framework (81). By being able to do this shows a huge breakthrough point for Justin because towards the beginning of the book, he was struggling to determine whether core competencies allow firms to expand and navigate through new potential markets.As the book progresses, it starts to show how Justin is now able to determine what the real definition of core competency is as well as other concepts he had learned in school. To Justin, understanding the true meanings behind concepts was a breakthrough in thinking. â€Å"Core competence wasn’t just a buzz word for Justin now. VRIO or the other concepts was no longer just a lecture he has heard but are now tools that can be used to examine real-world strategies† (81).As many say, he is now applying the knowledge he acquired from business school and is now applying those concepts to everyday business situations. An example of this situation is closely embodied in Justin and Vivek’s conversation in regards to how technologies alone are not considered core competency but it's the actions taken to exploit these technologies that make them considered a core competency. If these technologies are considered rare and hard to imitate, they can sometimes be a source of sustained advantage (146).As you can see through this example, Justin has learned the true meaning behind the word of core competency and how it is used within the real world. Throughout the business school, we have learned the importance of utilizing strategy frameworks, which have been drilled into our heads in order to evaluate potential business decisions. The frameworks like Michael Porters Five Forces Analysis, NPV analysis, and VRIO among many others have deemed to be extremely useful and benef icial in organizing and arranging information provided for situations that can eventually lead to a recommendation in the end.This book is a prime example of how certain situations like we’ve read in the many case studies; don’t really depict the true nature of the situation in the real world. Justin’s situation expresses to the reader that the real world isn’t easy and how case studies don’t really prepare you, as they should in the end. Justin has learned that in order to evaluate new markets, putting to use these frameworks is necessary but he has also learned that there is more to it then just applying these methods. First, Porter’s Five Forces analysis method is used as an â€Å"initial step† in evaluating new markets.This method is first introduced in the book during Justin and Scott Beckett’s, VP and General Manager of Oil and Gas division at HGS, meeting in which they discussed their analysis of the men’s white d ress shirt industry. Beckett goes as far as using the Five Forces model to describe how all kinds of threats are high (Rivalry, Buyer Power, Substitutes, Entry, and supplier Power). Justin quickly buys into Beckett’s argument and how the men’s white dress shirt industry is not a viable option for Plastiwear to enter.This is an example of Justin deterring from his original views and altering them to agree with the other party, which cannot be necessarily correct in the situation regarding Beckett’s view. As senior director, Ken McCombs states, the most attractive industries according to the five forces approach would have no rivalry, no close substitutes, no threats, and no powerful buyers or suppliers. This type of industry makes us go with lower risk markets, which are considered a monopoly, and is not likely to be a viable option for a firm.As the book progresses, Justin learns that this framework is only an â€Å"initial step† due to the limitations it offers. Despite these limitations, both managers and consultants often use it in strategy development. Justin realized that HGS wouldn’t have many opportunities in any of its businesses given the highly competitive nature of the industries in which they compete. Although this is used in evaluating the competitive threats in an industry, it should be noted that it is not to be used to estimate the overall attractiveness of an industry which therefore doesn’t tell you very much about strategic choice.This put Justin in an â€Å"uncomfortable position† in regards to HGS’s situation because he was still thinking there was one clear solution waiting at the end; he just had to â€Å"crack the case†. Second, Net Present Value analysis (NPV) is a popular calculation to find what the expected returns on a project in question would be using information on things like past product extensions or market entries. From that calculation, its gives an individual a feel for the riskiness of a new project which are then incorporated into casework which we have done repetitively throughout the MBA program.However, Justin experienced the limits of the NPV framework that we have learned in theory through his meeting with Shirley Rickert, CFO at HGS. Through this meeting, he learned that NPV calculations in the real world aren’t as cut and dry as they are when used in the classroom. Since these calculations are based on past activities especially in the area of innovative products like Plastiwear, it didn't really offer much guidance for future activities in these areas. Most of the time, the data is either not sufficient or overly sufficient in which you don’t need the analysis.Rickert also states that even though NPV is a powerful tool for objective strategic analysis, there is often managerial biases baked into the analysis that could either be intentionally but it is often done unintentionally. An example of this would be through Beckett’s negative NPV calculations, which would therefore depict an overly risky project. Again, this framework can be used as one of the â€Å"initial steps† in the overall strategy formulation process. As Rickert states, â€Å"present value techniques-even when you are evaluating relatively straightforward investments-are just a way of keeping track of the financial implications of a strategy.NPV is one way to keep score in the game but it’s not the game. NPV is no substitute for having a strategy† (32). Third, the VRIO framework is finally used by Justin, which helps him be able to determine the viability of the Plastiwear business. The VRIO framework is used to determine whether or not a certain strategy was likely to be a source of a sustained competitive advantage, which depends on the answer to four questions. First, Justin needs to discover ways that the Plastiwear strategy is valuable. Without value, it’s noted that a strategy canâ€℠¢t be a source of competitive advantage for the firm.Second, HGS would need to posses unusual skills or other assets that this Plastiwear strategy must utilize. In other words, the strategy must contain â€Å"rarity† in order to have a point of difference for the firm. So â€Å"if many firms all have the ability to execute the same strategy, then that strategy will probably not be a source of advantage† (76). hence, the need for a firms strategy to be rare and different. Third, Justin looks into the possibility of whether or not a strategy can be imitated and if so, how long before other firms are likely to begin imitating pieces of the strategy?Justin has â€Å"learned that firms strategies can be difficult to imitate for several reasons. Some strategies can rely on assets that may be protected by patents, some required skills are needed that took firms years to develop, trusting relationships among a firm’s managers or between firm and supplier/customer which can end up being difficult and time consuming and lastly, it is often difficult for competing firms to describe why a particular firm has an advantage. Therefore, that is why firms implement valuable, rare and costly to imitate strategies because this is what makes it possible for firms to gain more sustainable advantages† (77).The last question Justin raises within this framework focuses on the organization and whether it has the ability to execute and protect its sources of advantage. Justin reflects that within the classroom, he learned that certain structure and controls enabled a firm to realize the full potential of its strategies. However, by answering the first three questions enabled him to â€Å"crack the case† so this last question didn’t require an answer. However, this framework led to the same conclusions that Livia had come to.For example even if there was demand for HGS’s shirt concept, there was no reason to believe that HGS embodied any special shirt-manufacturing skills. In other words, there was nothing rare in this area for HGS. Overall, Justin created his own matrix using the VRIO framework and through that he discovered the amount of information he didn’t know about Plastiwear as well as the types of opportunities that might exist within the different stages of the Plastiwear value chain. Overall, these strategy frameworks finally gave Justin the clarity to organize his thoughts into a more comprehensive structure for analysis.Especially in regards to the VRIO framework, Justin was finally able to see that the decision to implement Plastiwear was not dependent on the retail shirt market at all. He was finally able to see that the decision about Plastiwear was more about HGS’s ability to exploit its competencies throughout the value chain where they could gain and sustain an advantage. One of the most important points made throughout the entire book, â€Å"If you ask the wrong question, about the wrong industry, it doesn't really matter what the answer is† (80).Justin discovers that in order to â€Å"crack the real world business case†, you need to be asking the correct questions about the correct industry. He learns that since real life situations are not cut and dry like traditional business case studies done within the classroom, there tends not to be case questions at the end. However, it is Justin’s responsibility to figure it out. This can be tied back to Justin’s first client meeting as well as interviews. Justin learned that by knowing what questions to ask is key, which will help, lead you to the answer you need.Lastly, to touch on some of the struggles that Justin had experienced throughout the book was that of teamwork. As we have learned in the classroom, teamwork is a crucial and valuable method used within the real world, especially in business. It seemed to me that since Justin was a recent MBA graduate, he was still stuck in  "school mode† in which he treated his new job as if it were a case analysis he was doing within the classroom. He quickly learned that in the real world, it is vital that a team works together to ensure that the analysis is completed in the correct way, all the way through.As a new member of a team, working with and learning from the other members is extremely important to personal development and growth. It is also important to note that it was probably extremely difficult in this scenario because all these members of the team have never worked together before. Having the ability to understand that it really takes time to be able to learn each member’s personal strategies in completing the task at hand is critical. It difficult though in certain scenarios, like this one when there is a short time span to reach a final conclusion.Being able to really learn the traits and personal strategies of your team can be hindered due to certain set time spans. 2. Which key organiz ational and human level factors can you identify as obstacles to implementing the strategy formation process the way it appears in theory? [Hint: Consider individual motives, personal interests, stakeholder interests and political behavior]. Having the ability to implement the strategy formation process the way is appears in theory is deemed to be a very rare occurrence.The real world is filled with individual motives, personal interests, stakeholder interests as well as political behavior. In regards to individual motives and personal interests, different individuals of an organization might have different motives about the future of the companies given their role and this difference leads to different outcomes. In regards to stakeholder interests, Justin learned this through first-hand experience at HGS. Understanding and learning whom the key stakeholders are is both critical to Justin and the rest of the team hence a â€Å"team interest†.Supporting stakeholders and strate gy makers is an essential component of strategy implementation. According to Livia, she realizes that in order to successfully move ahead with whatever recommendation they think is best, they will have to make sure to address the interests of the key players in the company. To do that, knowing the difference between interest and influence is critical (6). Also, by knowing who the key players are in the company gave the team â€Å"the ability to figure out who could either help implement HGS’s recommendation or who could stop them from being implemented† (6).This was huge for the team. Having a good sense of the political landscape is critical because the â€Å"goal here is to use both the overall analysis and change management skills to transform those parties that are likely to resist recommendations into becoming supporters†(6). Some of these factors can intertwine in a way in which political behavior and personal interests have the possibility in clashing. An example of this is seen in Justin’s meeting with Shirley in which she describes how some of the strategy frameworks used can be manipulated to enhance someone’s already existing point of view.In organizations, personal benefits might come ahead of organizational benefits depending on the situation. In looking at both ends of the spectrum, optimists might be seeing a strategy as an extension of their current businesses whereas pessimists might not since their view is based on the department’s benefits and not the organization’s. An example is discussed during Justin and Shirley’s meeting on defining the importance of NPV in the real world.She stated that the most optimistic calculations view for NPV were done by the scientists involved with the invention of Plastiwear in comparison to the most pessimistic calculations view for NPV which were determined by the department heads who would be losing funding if the project went through. An example of th is view is discovered during the meeting between Justin and Scott Beckett. As you can see, really â€Å"cracking the case† and coming to a conclusion is a bit more difficult then what we have learned in the classroom.Real life scenarios have an infinite number of figures that can be found, and therefore, the personal interests of the people doing the research influences what numbers are used within the calculations. Lastly, both the optimistic and pessimistic views seemed to put into question an individuals motivation in regards to decision making. This was just distasteful to Justin which made him both confused and a little naive that the motivation of personal interests could overpower organizational interests in the decision making process. Later on when Justin meets withJerry Tucker, scientist credited for the invention of Plastiwear, he discusses how pleased he is that Plastiwear could be a huge success. However, he points out that â€Å"problems with modern companies i s that we really aren’t managed for owners but we’re managed to make the lives of the managers comfortable† (102). I found this point pretty interesting because this would mean the managers are in a way contradicting the importance of why knowing who the key stockholders are and why that is such a critical factor to know within your team if in the end. the managers are looking out for their self-interest and self-motives.Also, I think it is important to note in regards to the end all goal in regards to both organizational and human level factors, Jerry states that â€Å"truly innovative leaders must take the gamble of whether or not their product is a success or failure and if you aren’t willing to be risk loving, you can never know true excellence† (102). 3. How would you have navigated some of the minefields that Justin and his team faced? I thought this was very beneficial to read because as soon to be MBA graduates, we too will be navigating thr ough similar minefields that Justin faced personally as well as the minefields his team faced.I can closely relate to Justin’s drive and commitment to succeed throughout the course of this book because I to want to apply everything that I have learned in the classroom and make it happen out in the real world. However, it very interesting to read that the frameworks we have learned don’t lead you to the final conclusion which is what we learned while in school. They are more of â€Å"stepping stones† in the process. I can especially relate to Justin’s experience in trying to understand the difference between what is learned in the classroom and what is learned out in the real world.Going into the workforce with an open mind I believe will help the transition phase go smoother than Justin’s. He was focused on â€Å"cracking the case† and when he couldn't, he got frustrated. It is also important to be able to separate passion without the need o f emotion. Someone once told me that this concept is like a double edge sword. You must be able to show the passion for your work without letting emotion come into play. Justin was viewed as a â€Å"total rookie† because since he put a lot of effort and work into the presentation, Ken and Livia did not let him present his findings because it was evident of his emotional attachment (193).A more specific example of this concept would be when Justin showed his passion in trying to â€Å"crack the case† to figure out a solution but he let his emotion come into play when he allowed himself to get frustrated. Another example that new graduates can relate to is when you are going for a job interview for your dream job. During the interview, you want to show your passion and why you want this job by giving off confidence and desire for that role. However, even if you want this job so bad, you let your emotion get involved hence you get emotional during the interview.This doesn ’t project the professionalism you need to have within the business environment. By knowing the difference between the two and being able to keep those two factors separate is a key takeaway before going out into the real world. 4. What key lessons do you learn about strategy from the novel? How â€Å"neat† is the process in real life? In What I Didn’t Learn in Business School: How Strategy Works in the Real World, it clearly explains that strategy is not neat in the real world, it actually is more complex.As an MBA student, we complete numerous amounts of case studies on a daily basis and are usually supplied with questions to consider toward the end of each case. Its not that simple in the real world although many wish it were. In order to develop the questions that need to be analyzed further in order to â€Å"crack the case† or to even develop some solution that could be a possibly good strategy, an extreme amount of work and analysis goes into determ ining and creating this.From those questions, as MBA students we usually then determine what the recommendation is and how we are going to implement that into the existing business environment. In the real world, its more complicated in that it goes beyond answering the questions, which will lead to making a final recommendation, which then leads to how you are going to do it. In the real world, you need to embrace a complete strategy, not just a small segment focus. I also learned that strategy is about the large scope of things.It not just about evaluating one or two potential decisions and deciding which one is best in regards to the situation. Strategy formulation needs to consider all interests of both the players and the firm’s core competencies in order to be successful. When Justin realized that â€Å"he wasn’t just trying to crack the case but how he was actually helping to shape the future of a corporation-and all those who depended, or who might depend†(150) is a prime example of how during strategy formulation, interests of both the players and the firms core ompetencies were considered and recognized by members of the team which would in the end deem them to be successful. 5. Should organizations engage in the sort of formal strategy formation processes we study in Business School? With a complete and focused formal strategy formation processes, organizations won’t be successful. They will be deemed not successful because they lack the vision and direction needed in order for future growth.Real world strategy implementation might not be as simple as what we do in business school, but the concept is basically the same. In the classroom, the curriculum is designed in a way that with the frameworks learned can also be applied out in the real world. As discussed in one of the previous questions, being able to understand the difference between what is learned in the classroom to what is learned out in the real world is criti cal because when in the real world, things are not as cut and dry like they are in a traditional case study analysis.To answer the overall question whether an organization should engage in this process, I think it is extremely beneficial for businesses to have because not only does it provide a clear vision and direction but it also helps to create a clear understanding of the core competencies a company has. Even though the process that us MBA students have studied in school doesn’t directly apply to that of the operating business environment in the real world, I think of it as a good â€Å"stepping stone† that is helping prepare the young incoming workforce prior to them even entering into the real world.By giving business students years of practice in this semi formation process will help them when they eventually enter into the real world. It will minimize the amount of overall shock and even possibly some change as well. Overall, it provides a framework and outlin e for things to consider in strategy building. Work Cited Barney, Jay B. , and Trish Gorman. Clifford. What I Didn't Learn in Business School: How Strategy Works in the Real World. Boston: Harvard Business Review, 2010. Print.