Environmental Effect from the Gold Rush Essays

Environmental Effect from the Gold Rush Essays Environmental Effect from the Gold Rush Paper Environmental Effect from the Gold Rush Paper This essay aims to identify the origin of the Gold Rush and identify the techniques used while also noting the ha armful effects caused by each one. The Start Of the Gold Rush all began on January 24, 1848, when a carpenter named James Wilson Marshall picked up a nugget of gold from the river at the base of the Sierra Nevada Mountains near Cola, California. Although Marshall and the man he was working for, John Stutter, tried to keep the news of this big discovery from the public, word got out anyway and soon people were swarming toward the western frontier. This was when one of the largest human migration in history began (The California Gold Rush). At first people were not buying the story, but as news spread of the fortunes being made in Californians Gold Rush, the first migrants started showing up. It was not long before the population of the California exploded, from just only 14,000 at the start of year 1 849, to more than 100,000 people by the end of that year. By the year 1852, the population crowded to 220,000 (Cornell 342). This underground well of fortune (which amounted to over $2,000,000,000,000 worth of gold) was so vast, it emended significant amounts of people to harvest it all. Smart individuals looking to make a profit convinced others to dig gold for them and used that money to start business such as hotels, restaurants, banks, saloons, and all kinds of mining industries. Naturally, this brings up the economy of the state even more but it also brought more people to California. At first, people used basic, almost primitive methods of gold mining which did little harm to nature such as the ever popular gold panning technique. In the early days of gold mining, people used gold pans to find gold in the river, although it was actually the most ineffective of all. As time went on, less and less people used gold pan and created more effective ways to extract gold. Another popular tool was the rocker; it had a handle on top to push it back and forth. When the miner put the gravels into the top layer, the thinner and heavier partials would be screened to be separated from the rest. Repeating this a couple of times, and with some luck, miners can find some gold hidden within the heavy minerals. These techniques to find gold usually required the help Of water and gravity, but since not all the gold is in the river, the miner has to get he water to where the gold is to be found, hence some of the mining ditches can still be found even today (Early Gold Mining Methods) . Eventually there would be too many people joining in on the Gold Rush, which in turn made finding gold increasingly more difficult with the current methods of gold mining. Had everyone stuck to these methods, the lands would not have been destroyed, but alas greed triumphs over natural preservation. Soon enough, the gold diggers begin to turn to more powerful ways to obtain the gold such as machines and explosives. These new methods of getting gold ay have helped satisfy the diggers greed, but it also caused irreversible damages to the lands of California. As time went by, the technology of gold mining became more and more sophisticated; this was when the gold fever started to become very harmful to nature. The first way want to get into is the placer mining, which is a way of mining that yielded most gold in the early years. Although panning was one of the ways of placer mining, this method was expanded upon when new techniques were added to it. For example, people started adding large amounts of mercury to their pans to operate the gold from other materials. Mercury has the ability to separate the gold from the extraction of secondary gold after the gravity method. Thanks to its intrinsic properties mercury allow to easily separate gold from other materials. After the separation from the rest of unwanted particles, they simply evaporate the mercury to obtain the gold the want. It is well known that mercury is highly toxic. It can cause damages to the nervous system at even relatively low levels of exposure. Due to the evaporation of the mercury, we subsequently caused the release of mercury into the atmosphere. The water circulation in the atmosphere would bring the mercury back into the ocean and poison animals in the ocean, which in turn would indirectly poison human beings. Perhaps one of the most destructive methods of advanced mining that existed was hydraulic mining. Though this method was extremely effective in extracting gold, it caused so much damage to the lands that Hydraulic mining was prohibited in 1884 when it was discovered that the mining resulted in worsened flood conditions and also destroyed farmland. It wasnt known until much later that Hydraulic mining also left behind a huge amount of arsenic, mercury, cyanide and acid which contaminated the ground-waters, soil, rivers and lakes. (Rare Coins) Hydraulic mining, also called hydraulically is a technique originating from the Roman era involving high pressure jets of water to erode and scrape away dirt and gravel, which is then funneled into a filter that leaves only the rich minerals behind. Hydraulic mining was first used by Edward Matheson near Nevada CCNY, California, in 1853, Xv fashioned a three-foot tapered metal funnel to which they clamped a canvas hose. They pumped water through the hose and pointed it at the hillside from which they were trying to extract gold. The water shot through with surprising force, quickly rendering the hillside into a pile of gravel and providing plenty of pay dirt from which to separate gold. (PBS Gold Rush) The technique caught on fast and soon enough, people were utilizing dams to stock up on enough water to optimize their hydraulic mining operations. As mentioned earlier, hydraulic mining was also the most destructive method, eventually getting banned because of the destruction it caused. One reason for this is because of the unnatural erosion caused by the high pressure jet streams, which led to unexpected floods. An example of this is mentioned in the PBS Gold Rush website, which mentions heavy rain during January 1861 which loosened deep snowdrifts in the Sierras. The result was inundated countryside, thousands of heads of drowned cattle and millions of cubic yards of dirt, mud and silt all residue from upstream hillsides that had been pulverize by hydraulic mining. When the water receded, it left behind eight- foot drifts of silt in Sacramento. Needless to say, Nature inflicted its wrath upon the greedy miners by destroying the farms and lands in the surrounding areas. Countless fields in the Sacramento Valley areas were deeply buried in mining sediment, riverbeds were raised rendering river crossing in certain areas more difficult, and farmers rose up in anger toward the destruction gold mining has caused. These factors were some Of many that eventually led to the banning of hydraulic mining, which passed when farmers sued hydraulic mining operations in the famous Edwards Woodruff v. North Bloomfield Mining and Gravel Company case. Following the case, hydraulic mining was temporarily banned, resurfacing later in 1 893, albeit with much trice regulations in an effort to avoid damage to both farmlands and nature. Gold mining can cause all air, soil, and water pollution. When the mining process works close to the ground surface, the mining sites will generate a large amount of dust which pollutes the air, also the process of refining the ore also pollutes the air. When heating the ore to melt the metal and release it from its surrounding material, the smelter releases large amount of lead, nitrogen, and sulfur, which comes back to earth in the form of acid rain. Extracting a small piece of gold, a large amount of toxic wastes ill be produced and left in the soil. The toxic heavy metal can go into the deeper soil and further pollutes the plants or prevent it from growing. The heavy metal and toxic waste can stay in the soil for years, that makes the area unsuitable for animals and human to live. Lastly, water pollution is through a highly toxic chemical called cyanide. The miners uses the solution of cyanide to dissolves the gold and collect them, but with little protection, the cyanide can easily leak into the soil and goes into local water supplies, lakes, river, and the ocean. The Gold Rush was definitely an era of prosperity, but was all that gold Roth releasing mercury into the atmosphere, flooding and destroying millions of farmland, and leaking dangerous chemicals such as cyanide into our soil and water?

Set up Your Elementary School Classroom for the First Day of School

Set up Your Elementary School Classroom for the First Day of School With the start of each school year, teachers get a fresh chance to arrange their classrooms for a new group of students. Every choice you make sends a message to your students, their parents, and anyone who visits your classroom. Through furniture, books, learning stations, and even desk placement, you communicate the values and priorities of your class. Follow these steps to deliberately maximize the organization and efficiency of your classroom set-up. What You Need Classroom furniture (desks, chairs, bookshelves, etc.)Textbooks and reading books for the class libraryPosterboard for sharing class rules and other key informationAn alphabet/handwriting poster for easy student referenceMaterials for decorating bulletin boards (butcher paper, die cut letters, etc.)School supplies (paper, pencils, dry erase markers, erasers, scissors, and more)Optional: Computers,  class pets,  plants, games 1. Decide How to Place Student Desks If you are going to emphasize cooperative learning on a daily basis, youll probably want to move the student desks into clusters for easy discussion and collaboration. If you want to minimize distractions and chatting, consider separating each desk from the one next to it, leaving a little buffer space to discourage misbehavior. You could also place the desks in rows or semi-circles. Whatever you choose, work with the room and materials you have, leaving plenty of aisle space for you and the students to move around with ease. 2. Strategically Place the Teachers Desk Some teachers use their desks as a central command station, while others use it primarily as a paper pile repository and rarely sit down to work there. Depending on how your desk functions as part of your teaching style, choose a spot where your desk will meet your needs. If its very messy, consider placing it in a less conspicuous spot. 3. Determine What Belongs up Front Since students spend most of their days facing the front of the classroom, be very deliberate about what you place on the walls up front. Perhaps you want to emphasize discipline by placing the class rules on a prominent bulletin board. Or maybe theres a daily learning activity that requires easy-to-view space that all students can see. Make this prime time space engaging, but not distracting. After all, all eyes should be on you, not necessarily a colorful explosion of words and images that distract from the core instruction at hand. 4. Organize Your Class Library Just like a public library, your classroom book collection should be organized in a logical manner that will be easy for the students to maintain throughout the school year. This could mean sorting the books by genre, reading level, alphabetical order, or other criteria. Labeled plastic bins work well for this. Also consider providing a little comfortable reading space for students to lounge with their books during silent reading time. This could mean some inviting bean bag chairs or a dedicated reading rug. 5. Set Aside Space for Your Discipline Plan Its wise to post your class rules in a prominent spot for all to see each day of the school year. That way, theres no opportunity for argument, miscommunication, or ambiguity. If you have a sign-in book or flip chart for rule offenders, set up a station for this activity. Ideally it should be in an out-of-the-way spot where curious student eyes cant easily stare as a rule-breaking student signs in, flips the card, or otherwise does his or her penance. 6. Plan for Student Needs   Make sure basic school supplies are strategically placed for easy student access. This may include various types of writing paper, sharpened pencils, markers, erasers, calculators, rulers, scissors, and glue. Organize these materials in one clearly-delineated part of the classroom. 7. Define the Role Technology Plays in Your Classroom Placement of your computer center communicates the role technology plays in your teaching. If you aim for a more traditional approach to instruction with technology as an occasional compliment, the computers likely belong in the back of the room or a cozy corner. If you integrate technology into most of the lessons, you might want to mix the computers in throughout the room so theyre easily accessible. This is a personal choice based on your beliefs about teaching in the 21st Century in combination with how available technology is on your campus. 8. Express Yourself Through Bulletin Boards Almost every elementary school classroom has bulletin boards on the walls, requiring themes, displays, and regular rotation. Consider designating one or two bulletin boards as seasonal, and thus focus on keeping those boards timely and relevant to current holidays, instructional units, or class activities. Make it easy on yourself by keeping the majority of the bulletin boards evergreen and constant throughout the school year. 9. Sprinkle in Some Fun Stuff Elementary school is primarily about learning, for sure. But its also a time for fun personal touches that your students will remember for a lifetime. Think about having a class pet and make space for cages, food, and other required materials. If a pets not your style, place a few houseplants around the room to add life and a touch of nature. Make a game center for educational activities that students can use when finished with their work. Pop a couple personal photos from home on your desk to express your interests and personality. A little bit of fun goes a long way. 10. Minimize Clutter and Maximize Functionality Before your new students (and their parents) enter the classroom on the first day of school, take a look around your classroom with fresh eyes. Are there any little piles that could be put into a cupboard to tidy up? Does each part of the room serve a clear, functional purpose? What messages are you sending with your classrooms overall appearance at first glance? Make tweaks as necessary. Check out your colleagues classrooms Visit the classrooms of other teachers on your campus for ideas and inspiration. Talk to them about why they made certain organizational decisions. Learn from their mistakes, and dont be shy about copying any brilliant ideas that will work with your teaching style and resources. Similarly, dont feel pressured to adopt any aspects that arent a good fit for your personality or approach. As a gesture of gratitude, share a few of your own best tips with your colleagues. We all learn from each other in this profession. Strike the right balance An elementary school classroom should be engaging, colorful, and expressive. However, dont go overboard and end up more towards the overstimulating end of the spectrum. Your classroom should project a sense of calm, organization, and positive energy, as well as a seriousness about learning. If you gaze around your room and feel overwhelmed by too much color or too many focal points, your students will feel scattered, too. Find a balance between chaotic and stark. Aim for cheery, but focused. Your students will feel the difference each day they walk into the room. Dont be afraid to make changes at any time Once your school year gets underway, you may find that certain aspects of your classroom set-up arent working quite the way you initially envisioned. No worries! Just eliminate any parts that now seem obsolete. Add in the new functionalities you now know you need. Briefly introduce the changes to your students, if necessary. Every so often, reevaluate with a practical, flexible attitude, and your classroom will be a vibrant, organized place for learning all year long.

MEN VERSUS WOMEN SPORTS COVERAGE AND POPULARITY Case Study

MEN VERSUS WOMEN SPORTS COVERAGE AND POPULARITY - Case Study Example This was about 13hours higher in comparison to the women’s coverage. Men in most cases tend to perform extremely well in various games. This boosts the reporter’s morale towards covering most of men’s games. In the summer Olympics in 2008 as well as the preceding years, there emerged improved air time coverage with both men and women almost getting equal air time coverage. About 46.3% of airtime coverage went to women in this year, a decrease from the previous year 2004 when the coverage was 47.9%. Nevertheless, coverage of women sports events improved heavily towards the socially acceptable sports for women. The socially accepted sports are always attractive as these sports involve minimal clothing hence women can be easily displayed as physically attractive. These kind of sports, even though are highly ranked in the media coverage among the women are not morally acceptable in the media fraternity. This research paper explains the impact of media coverage in com parison to men and women sports coverage and popularity. Women who normally take part in sports that involve either power or hard body contact are more often unlikely to receive media coverage. This is due to the stereotypical assumptions involved with these kinds of feminine events thus there is reduced women sports coverage. ... The 2010 Olympics aptly inclined towards men coverage thus rendering it biased. Most of the winter sports by their nature generally provide women with fewer opportunities to capture various sports. The make-up of the spectators whom NBC normally targets to please provides a more complex narrative than mere pandering to male sports fans for the summer Olympics in 2008. Women spectators over 18years of age in the recent Olympic Games have lost the media coverage with only 49 per cent total viewers attending while the rest are women. This reduces the lively participation by the women in these games due to the feeling of being neglected by the fellow women spectators. This in turn reduces the women sports coverage popularity in women’s sports participation fields. The sports world is almost entirely divided between men’s and women’s groups. The men’s sport has nonetheless, always dominated all forms of broadcasting coverage despite the fact that women as well competes in those exact similar sports in an increasingly professional level. The sports coverage revolves around newspaper, broadcasting, news coverage, reports and internet articles in the media houses. In United States for example, women’s sports receive a total of 1.65 of the total sports airtime on both the local, national and sports media giants such as ESPN. This is as well experienced in Australia media houses in relation to the popularity of men’s coverage in sports in relation to women’s. In Australia the situation is even demeaning with women’s sport coverage receiving only 9 per cent in relation to men’s coverage and airtime which is at 81 per cent. In the written press the numbers are always

Data Analysis report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Data Analysis report - Assignment Example According to Kimiecik (1992) and Beck and Ajzen (1991), what others expect is very key and determines the level of influence they have on another person’s decisions. Subjective norms, perceived behaviour changes and hindrances combine to give rise to intentions. To Beck and Ajzen (1991), a favourable attitude accompanied by the other factors gives a stronger position in making decisions. However, this does not mean that believes alone have any sufficient evidence that intentions change. The study was on theory of planned behaviour and aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of the roles of various factors including subjective norms, behaviours and others that affect/influence the attitude of consumers in making decisions. The researcher sampled in order to draw inferences about the whole population. In the research study, the researcher used a sample of 150 participants. All the participants were sampled from Europe; 73 (35 males and 38 females) of the participants were sample d from UK and the other 77 (46 males and 31 females) were sampled from Germany. The researcher employed the use of a questionnaire to collect the information. Questionnaires are used since they give more information from many participants within a very short time. Further, the closed questions are easier and faster to analyze (Freed, M. et al. (1991). The research tool was developed according to Ajzen (1987; 1991; 2002) laid down procedures. The questions were guided by the objectives of the study. SPSS was used to analyze the data. Various analysis methods were used. Descriptive statistics were used to show data representation while multiple regressions were used to show the significance of the contribution of each independent variable; the amount of change in the dependent variable holding all the other independent variables constant. Before actual regressions. The error terms were tested if they meet all the assumptions employed in regression analysis. Homoskedasticity was tested using the White test (Gore and Altman 1992). Further, correlations were used to show the strength of the relationships between the independent variables. Before all the other analyses were conducted, reliability analysis was conducted to establish the reliability and validity of the variables for inclusion in the study. The results are presented below; Findings Table 1: Profiles Frequency Percent Country United Kingdom 73 48.7 Germany 77 51.3 Total 150 100.0 Gender Female 69 46 Male 81 54 Total 150 100.0 Relationship Status Single 58 38.7 Married or in a relationship 92 61.3 Total 150 100.0 ?/â‚ ¬ spend per week 0-39 ?/â‚ ¬/week 50 33.3 40-79 ?/â‚ ¬/week 68 45.3 80-119 ?/â‚ ¬/week 28 18.7 120+ ?/â‚ ¬/week 4 2.7 Total 150 100.0 All the participants were sampled from Europe; 73 (35 males and 38 females) of the participants were sampled from UK and the other 77 (46 males and 31 females) were sampled from Germany. 69 were females while 81 were males. 58 of the participan ts were found to be single while 92 were found to be married/or were in a relationship. The level of weekly spending was found to be varying much as the findings indicated that 45.3% spend ?/â‚ ¬ 40-79 per week with a meager 2.73% spending ?/â‚ ¬120+ per week. 29.3% of the participants placed their annual earning ranging between ?/â‚ ¬15-24,000 compared to 18.8% who said their earnings ranging from ?/â‚ ¬ 40, 0000 + per year. Table 2: Descriptive Statistics N Mean Std. Deviation Int_Avg 150

Project Selection using an integrated AHP Essay

Project Selection using an integrated AHP - Essay Example The comparisons are to comprehend using pair wise matrix which suits the criterion of the study. This model is competent of implement ting the AHP values and the consistency in the study and the time taken. The boundary of the study deals with the AHP as the process itself with much preferences given to the hierarchy models and the sub hierarchy models associated and the criteria and the sub criteria related.The predetermined scale of the process are to be taken into consideration and the pairwise matrix of the study and the numerical preference value of the same are to be considered. The methodology of the study mainly deal with the strategic objective, they include the qualitative and the quantitative method in the selection of the process. The main methods incorporated are the cost of the money, cost benefit analysis, pay back period, rate of return etc. As per the conclusion assessment and collection of projects before venture resolution is normally done using, technological and monetary information. In this study a new methodology is proposed and the easy decision making is done by selecting the best one. The factors that are needed in project evaluation are numerous. There are both independent as well as inter dependent factors which needs to be employed in project selection. The AHP analysis of projects consists of the evaluation of only independent factors in multicriteria decision making. The AHP model is a very appropriate model for project selection but all the dependent as well as independent factors should be correctly evaluated and measured. Each of the other alternative should be properly measured especially the project’s cost. Each of the alternative decisions needed in the AHP analysis should be measured through the cost incurred in the criteria and also the value generated through the decisive factor

How the Organizing of Work Influences Experiences of Work

How the Organizing of Work Influences Experiences of Work Consider how the organizing of work  influences experiences of work. Introduction The question of how the organization of work influences the experiences of work can take on many differing connotations depending upon the viewpoint that is being utilized to address the foregoing. From a dictionary point of view, work is defined as follows (American Heritage Dictionary, 2005): â€Å"1. Physical or mental activity that is directed toward the accomplishment or production of something.† As well as the activity of â€Å"†¦ looking for work†¦Ã¢â‚¬  one’s occupation, the production of some measured unit of accomplishment, as well as one’s occupation (American Heritage Dictionary, 2005). Watson (2003) indicates that work is an activity â€Å"†¦ in which everyone in the world is involved†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and utilizes the examples of those who are employed as well as one tending to their garden, the owner of a building as the landlord, investors and even those who have servants. Given the broad based meaning that can be and is associated with this word, as a concept in this connotation work shall be thought of as those activities one performs for compensation. Polanyi (1944) saw work as a creative activity whose goal is human development. And while in our modern society this view might tend to be slightly utopian its undertones nevertheless have merit. The very question of how the organizing of work influences the experience of work makes reference to, although indirectly, work as something that can be thought of as enjoyable, or to the contrary depending upon not only what is being done but how one views said activity. The experiences one has at work can run the gamut from inferior to exceptional, for want of more descriptive terminology. As such, we shall examine this question from the standpoint of the work experience as the feeling and or satisfaction one derives and thus how that work when organized either contributes to or diminishes from the foregoing. For those of us for whom work is a means to either earn a living, practice a profession or support oneself and their family, it plays an extremely important part of our lives in terms of time spend at said activity, as well as in terms of how the experience of this activity impacts upon, influences one and acts upon us outside of it. Maslow ´s (1954) hierarchy of needs provides us with a guide to exploring the realm of work and its influences on the individual as it contains compelling insights into the psychology of who we are and how we function internally. His theory of personality states that are contained in Maslow ´s (1954) hierarchy of needs is as follows: Physiological Needs This is the basic biological need for food, air water and warmth and represents those which come first in our search for satisfaction. Safety Needs After the satisfaction of safety needs, the needs for security take precedence. And after this need is met, we move onto the third need. Needs of Love, Affection and Belongingness Maslow (1954) indicates that we seek to overcome our feelings of loneliness along with alienation, and this entails the giving as well as receiving of love, belonging and affection. Needs for Esteem This need addresses the subject of work organization as it entails the need for esteem. This aspect was also referred to by Polanyi (1944) in terms of work being an aspect of human development. Maslow (1954) refers to this need as self esteem emanating from within an individual as well as that which one receives from others, along with the need for a stabile relationship environment in which to thrive. This aspect is extremely important as to how one’s work organization is, and interacts with this key human personality quotient. Needs for Self Actualization When all of the preceding needs have been satisfied, then Maslow (1954) indicates that the self-actualization need becomes active. Simply put, this means that a person will gravitate towards doing what they were born to do. The short, yet important examination of Maslow ´s (1954) hierarchy of needs aids in the understanding of the deeper seated aspects of how the organization of work influences the experiences of work. From the preceding it should be evident that if one’s work is organized logically and contains a level of diversity and creativity as evidenced by changes of pace, then it will fit within Maslow ´s hierarchy and thus be more satisfying. Watson (2003) refers to the sociology aspects of work in that it aids in the employer, manager as well as employee to make â€Å"†¦better informed judgments†¦Ã¢â‚¬  concerning the work at hand and how to go about performing it. The foregoing is highly important in equating the question as one’s experiences at work might be deemed as satisfying if they can see it progressing towards a more fulfilling method or way of getting said work accomplished. This ongoing organizing and re-organizing, if conducted in an intelligent and pr ogressive manner, might be as rewarding as one who’s work experience is at a firm where the work flow organization is scientifically as close to perfect as can be humanly ordained. Varied levels of frustration are inhibiting factors which can and do affect our thinking as well as levels of performance. The elimination of such frustrations through insightful work organization represents a positive contribution to increasing one’s satisfaction experience in this regard. Techniques such as Just-In-Time, Total Quality as well as Lean Production techniques as referred to by Fiona Wilson (2004) in and of themselves do not produce or create job satisfaction as they are constructs from which to organize and customize work to fit the organization, management, the corporate culture and the individual. Lest we forget, all business enterprises are composed of flesh and blood individuals who all fall under Maslow ´s (1954) humanistic guidelines. As such, in constructing or organizing the work process we need to be mindful that repetition breeds boredom and boredom breeds discontentment (Noon et al, 2002). Within the context of work organization are all manner of su b routines and associated aspects that impact upon it. Ergonomics, aesthetics, colors, materials, light, sound, work space, distance between other workers, the amount of space one has to function in, the static or non static nature of the work all are factors in its organization. Thus, to think of the subject as one confined to office personnel belies its meaning and intent as it has applicability for factory, farm, forestry, management, field personnel and back office employees or executives. It entails how interesting, challenging, creative and diverse it is or can be made to be as a function of how it is organized or structured (Watson, 2003). Management in equating the production variables needed to be met in the attainment of work output must be mindful of exactly how said work is performed in order to create techniques that seek out and enlist the input of those actually doing said functions to aid them in structuring, modifying and upgrading work procedures and how it is organized. Those who perform the function on a daily basis can also be assisted by management taking part in said work functions to reach determinations on a first hand basis as to what potential modifications and or improvements can be made or added to make the work experience more pr oductive as well as satisfying. And work organization, as mentioned by Watson (2003), Wilson (2004), and Noon et al (2002) does not just consist of the work itself, it includes the social, contemporaries one works with, the working relationship manner in terms of contribution in a what is being done as well as job satisfaction. Understanding that work is something that is performed by human beings who all represent personalities under Maslow ´s (1954) hierarchy of needs is a foundational construct by which to accomplish making the experience one that translates into higher output and professionalism. Conclusion Hochschild (1997) helps to provide a level of understanding concerning the need to reduce work to human terms as he found that for most individuals their work takes precedence over their home life. While the foregoing is not universally true, as indicated by Jacobs et al (2001) the importance of providing within the organizational matrix a means to attain higher levels of job satisfaction is nevertheless a function that encompasses understanding that personal fulfillment along with our wants, needs, desires and individual goals are inner facets present in varying degrees in all of us. The corporate culture that understands the human equation in consort with the need of the company to generate profits and compete in an increasing globally influenced sphere is the organization that is well on its way to producing individuals whose contributions will exceed those of competitive companies who have not yet elevated their thinking to encompass the importance of their personnel as the key r esource driving the bottom line. Thus, the organization of work and its influence(s) with respect to the experiences of work is not solely about how many words per minute are being typed, or how many units being built, it is about the individuals performing those tasks and their personal levels of commitment to same. The higher their relative levels of contribution in the process from a work as well as suggestion point of view, the higher will be their commitment and contributions in terms of quality of work and performance. And this represents the experience that truly defines influencing the work experience through organizing it for the individual. Bibliography American Heritage Dictionary. 2005. Work. http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/work Hochschild, A.R. 1997. The emotional geography of work and family life. Pp. 13-32. Saint Martin’s Press, New York, New York Jacobs, J.A., Gerson, K. 2001). Overworked individuals or overworked families? Explaining trends in work, leisure, and family time. Pp 40-63. Work and Occupations, Issue 28 Maslow, Abraham. 1954. Motivational and Personality. Harper and Row, New Cork, N.Y. Noon, Mike, Blyton, Paul. 2002. The Realities of Work. Labour / Le Travail. ISBN: 0333984587 Polanyi, Kart. 1944. The Great Transformation. Beacon Press, Boston, MA. Watson, Tony. 2003. Sociology, Work and Industry. Routledge Publications. ISBN: 0415321662 Wilson, Fiona. 2004. Organizational Behaviour and Work: A Critical Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 0199261415

Apply Chain Management vs Traditional Mananagement Systens Essay

A. Approach The use of information technology by firms that want to gain competitive advantage has increased dramatically in the last twenty years. Large and small firms have been utilizing information systems to connect their internal business functions and the company’s activities to stakeholder such as suppliers and customers. (FORMAN WEB 13). Supply chain management and customer relationship management are some of the many systems used by firms to accomplish the aforementioned functions. Before comparing Supply Chain Management and customer relationship management systems to Tradition Systems, a brief description of Supply chain management and the activities it involves is fully warranted. This brief easy attempts to compare and contract SCM and CRM systems to traditional management systems in terms of approaches , efficiency, cost saving, and firm profitability. Jiambalvo (2010) describes supply chain management as,† the organization of activities between a company and its suppliers in an effort to provide for the profitable development, production, and delivery of goods to customers.† (P, 15). Sunil & Peter further describe ( ) supply chain as, â€Å"consisting of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a customer request. The supply chain includes not only the manufacturer and suppliers, but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and even customers themselves. Within each organization, such as a manufacturer, the supply chain includes all functions involved in receiving and filling a customer request. These functions include, but are not limited to new product development, marketing and operations, distribution and finance, and customer service.†(P... ...in saving costs for firms that effectively implement the systems. Alan and et al.(2009) state that, â€Å" full-scale implementations lead to system-wide inventory optimization, which in turn leads to cost improvement associated with inventory balances and turns.†(See Page 21 for note). Mikko & et al (2002) conducted a study of the cost reduction benefits of SCM and found that,† the sharing of demand information in supply chains typically increases the performance of the supply chain by increasing availability and reducing inventory related costs.† That other major distinctions between the two systems and traditional management systems is that the former need a small amount of date input and out put to perform sophisticated and complex functional, while the later takes and produces data in a large amount. A. profitability